Volume 42 (3B) 2024
Pranay Bantawa, Ritu Rai, Tapan Kumar Mondal
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1287—1295, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TRIK2405
How to cite this paper:
Bantawa, P., Rai, R., & Mondal, T. K. (2024). Enhanced Somatic Embryogenesis and Viable Synthetic Seeds in Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora Pannell: A Conservation Milestone. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1287–1295. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TRIK2405
A novel protocol for somatic embryogenesis has been established using callus derived from various explants of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora, which is highly valued and endangered due to its medicinal significance and is indigenous to the Eastern Himalayas. A wide range of callusing (8.11-100%) from different explants were noticed in WPM supplemented with either 2, 4-D or NAA alone (0.1-2.0 mg/l). The incorporation of Kn and BAP, at various concentrations alongside different levels of NAA did not enhance callus formation. Out of which, only the friable callus upon transfer to WPM medium with cytokinins such as Kn or BAP (0.1–2.0 mg/l), could produce embryogenic callus which later by supplementation with ABA (0.1-1.0 mg/l) for 2 weeks, produced 92% matured somatic embryos. Furthermore, in a medium containing WPM with Kn (0.5 mg/l) and GA3 (0.5 mg/l), around 73% of the well matured somatic embryos of this species were germinated. However, leaf derived friable callus were, invariably, found to be superior in all aspects when compare with other explants. The encapsulated somatic embryos when stored at 4°C showed as high as 100% of germination when kept up to 15 days, which however, gradually decreased as the storage time increased and thus as high as 20% viability were recorded when kept for 105 days. Afterwards, plantlets derived from somatic embryos were successfully acclimatized and transplanted to the field. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis indicated the genetic uniformity of the donor plants, somatic embryo derived plantlets and the synthetic seed derived plantlets. This was the first report of somatic embryogenesis of this medicinally important genus.
Conservation, Medicinal plant, Somatic embryo, Genetic fidelity, Synthetic seed, DNA fingerprinting.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 
Rajesh Choudhary, Roshan Choudhary, S.K. Sharma, Ashok Kumar Samota, Naveen Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1296—1300, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BOBR1429
How to cite this paper:
Choudhary, R., Choudhary, R., Sharma, S. K., Samota, A. K., & Kumar, N. (2024). Effect of Organic Management of Nutrients and Bio-Stimulants on Growth and Yield Attributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1296–1300. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BOBR1429
A field experiment was conducted at organic farming unit of Agronomy Farm, Rajasthan, College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan during rabi 2021-22 to study the influence of different levels of organic management of nutrients and bio-stimulants on growth and yield attributes of wheat grown under organic farming. All the organic management of nutrient treatments resulted in significant increase in plant height and dry matter accumulation at different growth stages of wheat crop. The significantly maximum values of yield attributes viz., effective tillers meter-1 row length, spikelets ear-1, grains ear-1 and grain weight ear-1, were higher under the effect of 100% RDN through 1/3 FYM+ 1/3 Vermicompost + 1/3 Neem cake over 75% RDN, 50% RDN and control. However, application of 100% RDN failed to exhibit significant variation in test weight and ear length of wheat. Application of panchagavya 5% at 60 and 75 DAS as foliar spray + jeevamrut 500 L ha-1 at sowing and 10% at 30 DAS as foliar spray significantly increase in plant height and dry matter accumulation at 45, 90 DAS and at harvest. Application of different bio-stimulants was recorded significantly higher effective tillers meter–1 row length, spikelets ear-1, grains ear-1, ear length and grain weight ear-1 as compared to control.
Growth, Yield attributes, Panchagavya, Organic farming, Wheat.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Gangaram Rana, Prahlad Deb, Buddhisatya Dowarah, Roshan Lal Sahu
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1301—1305, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HJVA6364
How to cite this paper:
Rana, G., Deb, P., Dowarah, B., & Sahu, R. L. (2024). Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) under the Laboratory Condition. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1301–1305. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HJVA6364
Seed germination was most essential stage of a plant life cycle and is strongly influenced by temperature conditions. The purpose of this study is that we have tried to know the stage of seed germination of papaya (Carica papaya L.) under the BOD incubator condition. Temperature three levels (20, 25, 30°C) were used. The objective of this study is to see how germination is accelerated at different temperatures by treating seeds with growth regulators, chemicals, and organic supplements. Since the seed coat contains sarcotesta, which inhibits germination, seed treatment is necessary. For papaya seed soak coconut water @ 50%, tomato juice @ 20%, cow urine @ 10%, GA3 @ 200 ppm, NAA @ 200 ppm, KNO3 @ 0.5% and normal water (control) twenty four hours. Use moist filter paper in petri dishes for this investigation, were 20 seeds placed in each petri plate, after that data observation was taken by placing the petri plate on BOD incubator. In case T2 (92.66%) recorded the highest number of seed germination at temperature range 300C followed by T1 (coconut), T3 followed by while seedling length, root length and shoot length were maximum at T1 (water coconut @ 50%) recorded 6.5, 3.35 and 9.423 and lowest at T6 was found in variety “Ranchi” under incubator control condition.
Seed treatment, Germination, Sacrotesta, Temperature, BOD incubator.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Effect of Humic Plus and Green Magic on Yield and NPK Uptake of Rice
E. Kaviya, D. Venkatakrishnan, K. Dhanasekaran, R. Elango
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1306—1312, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZEEH4123
How to cite this paper:
Kaviya, E., Venkatakrishnan, D., Dhanasekaran, K., & Elango, R. (2024). Effect of Humic Plus and Green Magic on Yield and NPK Uptake of Rice. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1306–1312. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZEEH4123
Rice is the primary source of food for nearly half of the world’s population and it is one of the most important major food crops. Humic acids are naturally occurring polyphenolic and polyhydroxy compounds formed during the decomposition of organic matter. Application of humic acid to the rice influences the growth and yield as well as nutrients uptake of crops. The study was aimed to find out the effect of foliar application of humic plus and soil application of Green magic of rice. The treatments consisted of application of NPK fertilizer and foliar application of humic plus in different combination and soil application of Green magic. The best treatment was much pronounced with foliar application of Humic plus @ 10 ml ha–1 at 30 DAT and soil application of Green magic @ 15 kg ha–1 was recorded DMP at tillering and panicle initiation (3742 and 5624 kg ha–1), Grain yield (7276 kg ha–1), Straw yield (8648 kg ha–1), NPK content at tillering (2.16, 0.44, 2.03%), Panicle initiation (1.87, 0.39, 1.97%) and harvest stage by grain and straw (0.95,0.25,0.54% and 0.62, 0.17, 0.63%) and NPK uptake at tillering (73.62, 14.39, 69.36 kg ha–1), panicle initiation (105.16, 21.93, 110.79 kg ha–1) and harvest stage by grain and straw (69.12,18.19, 39.29 kg ha–1 and 53.01, 14.87, 54.48 kg ha–1).
Rice, Green magic, Humic plus, Grain yield, NPK uptake.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Sarvan Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1313—1319, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BEZC6824
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, S. (2024). Evaluation of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Hybrids for Morphological and Qualitative Traits under Protected Environment. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1313–1319. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BEZC6824
Ten hybrids of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were obtained from public and private sectors were evaluated to performance of genotype on various characters like Days to flowering, Days to fruiting, Number of cluster per plant and Number of flower per cluster, Number of fruit per cluster, Total number of fruit per plant and Plant height (cm), Fruit length, diameter of fruit, Number of locule per fruit, Pericarp thickness of fruit, Total soluble solids (brix), Standard fruit weight (g), Yield per plant (kg), For qualitative traits fruit shape, Immature fruit color and Mature fruit color, Foliage coverage, Stem pigmentation, pulpiness and plant habits and fruit firmness inside the polyhouse at Department of Agriculture Guru Nanak College, Budhlada during kharif 2020-21. The experiment was layout in RBD with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotype for all the characters under study, which is representing the survival of sufficient heritable variation among the genotypes. Days to flowering and days to fruiting were early in the Himshikher and NS 4266 hybrids. Highest fruit length and diameter was exhibit by Abhinav and Himshikher respectively. The highest yield per plant was exhibited by Himshikher, Polyana and Lakshmi in under protected environment.
Fruit yield, Fruit color, Fruit shape, Mean performance, Polyhouse, Tomato.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Growth Performance and Instabilities of Cotton Crop- Macro Level Insights
S. Radha, K. Suhasini, Md. Alibaba, D. Srinivasa Reddy, D. Srinivasa Chary
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1320—1331, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VLTQ3849
How to cite this paper:
Radha, S., Suhasini, K., Alibaba, Md., Reddy, D. S., & Chary, D. S. (2024). Growth Performance and Instabilities of Cotton Crop- Macro Level Insights. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1320–1331. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VLTQ3849
Cotton being the high value, non-food, fiber crop is grown across seventy countries supporting the lives of closely one billion people. Considering the global importance of crop the study was taken up to assess the growth performance of crop at different levels. Compounded annual growth rates, instability rates and source of instability were estimated for area, production and productivity of ‘white gold’. Inter country, inter states and the inter districts comparison was done for the world, India and the Telangana state, respectively. At global level there was negative growth in the area but there was inclining production and productivity. Mean yield change was the major source of growth in average production at world level. India saw quantum leap in area and production after Bt cotton introduction. The instabilities among the states declined with the spread of new technology. Interaction between changes in the area variance and the mean yield was the source of growth for India. Telangana one of among major cotton producing states also went about rapid acreage expansion with the adoption of Bt cotton. Inclining mean area brought in uprising average production of the crop in the state. Recent decade has seen stagnating and lower productivities in both the state and country. Hence, there is need for new traits to offer resistance against rising pests and new innovative technologies to be developed.
Instability, Sources of growth, Bt cotton.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Synthesis, Characterization, and Process Optimization of Invasive Weed Tephrosia purpurea Biochar
Loveena Gaur, Poonam Poonia
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1332—1341, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CYFV6307
How to cite this paper:
Gaur, L., & Poonia, P. (2024). Synthesis, Characterization, and Process Optimization of Invasive Weed Tephrosia purpurea Biochar. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1332–1341. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CYFV6307
The present study aimed to optimize the pyrolysis process for producing biochar from the invasive weed Tephrosia purpurea using response surface methodology. The physico-chemical and morphological properties of biochar were predicted. The biochar was derived by slow pyrolysis at 450oC in vacuum conditions for 1 h of reaction time. The obtained biochar is rich in ketones, ethers, and aromatic compounds. Biochar has an alkaline pH, a high fixed carbon content (77.63%), a large surface area (87.77m2/g), a wide pore volume (0.03724cm3/g), and abundant trace minerals such as Na, K, Ca. Thus, findings reveal that obtained biochar could not only mitigate climate change, global warming, and carbon sequestration but also provide an effective strategy for invasive weed waste bio-management. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the present study is the first to assess the potentiality of T. purpurea biochar obtained by slow and vacuum pyrolysis.
Tephrosia purpurea, Biochar, Vacuum pyrolysis, Optimization.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Jitendra Kumar, H. K. Singh, Abhishek Singh, Shubham Patel, Vishwa Vijay Raghuvanshi
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1342—1348, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YWFG7533
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, J., Singh, H. K., Singh, A., Patel, S., & Raghuvanshi, V. V. (2024). Epidemiological Studies on Aonla Rust: A Novel Weather-Based Model for Predicting Ravenelia emblicae Styd. Infection in Aonla Fruits. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1342–1348. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YWFG7533
The present investigation on cultivar NA-7 proposed under natural conditions during first appearance of the disease at 35th standard meteorological week (date of 2nd September), the minimum per cent disease intensity was observed (0.33%) and maximum 43.33% during 52 standard meteorological weeks when the corresponding to weather parameters viz., temperature maximum 19.2 0C, minimum 7.1 0C, relative humidity morning 90.2% and evening 58.5%, rainfall 0.0 mm, evaporation 3.4 mm, and sunshine 3.8 hrs/day were convenient for the growth, initiation and escalation of Pathogen. further investigations on the correlation of each individual parameter with the development and progress of the disease. Revealed that minimum temperature was recorded negatively correlated highly significant (-0.96) with per cent disease intensity, followed by maximum temperature (-0.94), evening relative humidity (-0.78) and evaporation (-0.82), whereas morning relative humidity (-0.50) and rainfall (-0.48) were found significant negative correlation with PDI. Sunshine (0.14) was observed positive correlation non-significant with PDI. The highest infection rate in 36th standard meteorological week which is amount of 0.206 and lowest infection rate was found 41th standard meteorological week which was 0.006. The AUDPC values ranged from 1.16 to 295.96, indicating a rapid progression of the disease.
Epidemiology, AUDPC, Infection rate, Prediction model, Correlation.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Multi-Temporal Image Processing for LULC Classification and Change Detection
Saket Raj, Kishan Singh Rawat, Vinod Kumar Tripathi
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1349—1357, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RODF5502
How to cite this paper:
Raj, S., Rawat, K. S., & Tripathi, V. K. (2024). Multi-Temporal Image Processing for LULC Classification and Change Detection. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1349–1357. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RODF5502
Changes in land use land cover (LULC) are critical in regional studies, local, and worldwide changes in the environment. The term “land use” relates to how humans are using the landscape, whether it is for expansion, conservation, or a combination of the two. Human activity on the Earth’s surface alters the land cover area. These adjustments greatly affect how well-functioning vital Earth system components (such as the balance of energy, soil, and water). Applications for remote sensing make it possible to analyses land changes quickly and affordably. Numerous researchers have created techniques for analyzing modifications in the LULC. This study used GIS and random forest machine learning technique to pinpoint the LULC changes in Muzaffarpur District’s urban and rural areas in the span of 15 years i.e., 2005 to 2020. The User land is scattered throughout the western region. The district’s soil becomes more salinized and alkaline as a result of the waterlogging that is also prevalent in some areas of the district. This study’s technique is simple and inexpensive. Between 2005 and 2020, there were major variations in the LULC in the research area. The rise in built-up activity is the main cause of the LULC alterations in the studied region. The current study may not be significantly impacted by the LULC changes. However, to maintain environmentally sustainable development in the future, LULC alteration needs to be continuously watched.
Multi-temporal analysis, change detection, Remote sensing, LULC classification; ArcGIS Pro, Machine learning.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Guddi Anand, Vikas Kumar, R. S. Meena, Shrawan Kumar Sahani
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1358—1363, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZFSU4861
How to cite this paper:
Anand, G., Kumar, V., Meena, R. S., & Sahani, S. K. (2024). Impact of Weather Parameters on the Incidence of Major Insect Pests of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Varanasi Region. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1358–1363. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZFSU4861
A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi during rabi season 2021- 2022 with cultivar Kashi Aman to study the impact of weather parameters on incidence of major pests infesting tomato. The first appearance of aphid (0.10 aphids/plant), thrips (0.50 thrips/plant), whitefly (0.62 whitefly/plant) and fruit borer (0.10 borer/plant) was observed during 47th, 51st, 49th, and 51st SMW respectively. However, the highest incidence of major insect pests of tomato such as aphids (25.95 aphids/ plant), thrips (8.90 thrips/plant), whitefly (7.37 whitefly/plant) and fruit borer (4.31 larvae/plant) was noticed from mid of February to mid of March. The correlation coefficient of aphids and thrips with weather parameters revealed a non-significant positive correlation with rainfall, and relative humidity, while whitefly population revealed a positive non-significant correlation with relative humidity and temperature. The correlation between the weather factors and H. armigera larvae revealed a non-significantly positive correlation with rainfall, morn, even, avg, relative humidity (r = 0.048, r = 0.014, r = 0.180) respectively. But we also noticed negative non-significant correlation with max, min, and avg temperature (r = -0.038, r = -0.023 and r = -0.033). Thus, their timely and appropriate management strategies would be helpful for the farmer who are engaged in tomato cultivation and this work also developed ideas to initiate management tactics when they really need to control economic damage pest below economic threshold level (ETL).
Weather parameter, Insect pest, Incidence, Tomato, Correlation coefficient.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Fungi Boost Up Plant Growth by Improving Nutrient Uptake: A Review
Rajendra Kumar, R. K. Meena, Yamini Tak, Praveen Kumar Chachaiya
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1364—1368, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OVGG9937
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, R., Meena, R. K., Tak, Y., & Chachaiya, P. K. (2024). Fungi Boost Up Plant Growth by Improving Nutrient Uptake: A Review. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1364–1368. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OVGG9937
Microbial populations play a very important role to optimize the turnover and recycling of nutrients. Mutualistic symbionts like arbusular mycorrhizal fungi living at the root-soil interfaces, rhizosphere, or may be in the plant-associated soil, are acknowledged as crucial drivers of nutrient cycling. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as natural root symbionts, supply essential plant inorganic nutrients to host plants, enhancing plant growth and yield under both normal and stressed conditions. AMF colonize the roots of agricultural crops and act as ‘biofertilizers and bioprotectors’ in environmentally friendly farming. Ectomycorrhizal fungi colonize a smaller number of plant species but play an important role in forest ecosystems as symbiotic partners of tree and shrub species.
Mycorrhizal fungi, Nutrient, Plant, Uptake, Soil.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Vadada Vinay Kumar, Eggadi Ramesh, Vangapandu Triveni, Bishnuprasad Dash
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1369—1374, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SPMC5561
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, V. V., Ramesh, E., Triveni, V., & Dash, B. (2024). Enhancement of Growth and Yield of Valentena (Purple Cauliflower) through Different Micronutrient Optimization. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1369–1374. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SPMC5561
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) is a prominent member of the cole group of vegetables and is widely cultivated for its high yield. To ensure good yield, it requires sufficient macronutrients and micronutrients. Boron, molybdenum and zinc are crucial micronutrients for cauliflower where their deficiencies are common in cauliflower crop and can lead to specific symptoms. Hence the study was conducted to evaluate the “Enhancement of growth and yield of Valentena (purple cauliflower) through different micronutrient Optimization” during rabi 2022-23 at Horticulture Research Farm, Ranadevi, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha. The experiment used a randomized block design, comprising eight treatments replicated thrice. These treatments involved various combinations of micronutrients: T1 (100% RDF), T2 (100% RDF + Borax at 20 kg ha-1), T3 (100% RDF + Ammonium molybdate at 2 kg ha-1), T4 (100% RDF + ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1), T5 (100% RDF + Ammonium molybdate at 2 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1), T6 (100% RDF + Borax at 20 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1), T7 (100% RDF + Ammonium molybdate at 2 kg ha-1 + Borax at 20 kg ha-1), T8 (100% RDF + Borax at 20 kg ha-1 + Ammonium molybdate at 2 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1). Analysis of results showed that treatment T3 (100% RDF + Ammonium molybdate at 2 kg ha-1) exhibited maximum growth parameters, including stem length (17.65 cm), stem girth (42.83 mm), and number of leaves (18.40). The tallest plant height (61.05 cm) was observed in treatment T2 (100% RDF + Borax at 20 kg ha-1). Regarding yield and yield attributing characteristics, treatment T5 (100% RDF + Ammonium molybdate at 2 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 at 25 kg ha-1) recorded the highest pure curd weight (1114.78 g), pure curd yield per hectare (33.32 kg), and the shortest duration for curd initiation (55.67 days). It is therefore suggested that farmers to implement a micronutrient combination approach in their agricultural practices to enhance the growth and yield of Valentena (purple cauliflower) and other crops.
Growth, Yield, Micronutrients, Purple cauliflower, Recommended NPK.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
An Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Ag- Doped TiO2 and Ag-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles
Riya Shah, Rita N. Kumar, Nirmal Kumar J. I., Nirali Goswami
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1375—1381, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MWLK5429
How to cite this paper:
Shah, R., Kumar, R. N., Kumar, N. J. I., & Goswami, N. (2024). An Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Ag- Doped TiO2 and Ag-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1375–1381. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MWLK5429
This work presents the antibacterial activity of Ag-doped TiO2 and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) that were synthesized using a sol-gel method and tested under visible light irradiation. The structural, morphological characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that Ag-doped TiO2 comprised both rutile and anatase phases. The presence of the hexagonal wurtzite structure was detected in Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The altered morphologies of TiO2 and ZnO by the doping of Ag was demonstrated by the TEM. EDX analysis verified the presence of zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), silver (Ag), and oxygen (O) components in the samples. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles. It was observed that both the synthesized nanoparticles Ag-TiO2 and Ag- ZnO NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, however Ag-ZnO NPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to Ag-TiO2 NPs.
Materials science, Nanotechnology, Materials chemistry, Pharmaceutical science.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Qualitative and Yield Characters in Coriander Genotypes
Eshwar Singh, D.K. Rana, K.N. Shah, Vivek Singh, Maneesh Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1382—1387, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BXLG9793
How to cite this paper:
Singh, E., Rana, D. K., Shah, K. N., Singh, V., & Kumar, M. (2024). Qualitative and Yield Characters in Coriander Genotypes. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1382–1387. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BXLG9793
The present research was conducted at the experimental field of Vegetable Research Center GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during the crop season of 2020–2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising 20 genotypes with three replications. The observations were meticulously recorded, focusing on various growth and yield-related parameters of coriander. These parameters encompassed important traits such as the number of fruits per umbel, seed yield per plant and per plot, and other relevant characteristics that contribute to the overall performance and productivity of the crop. The analysis of variance conducted on the collected data revealed highly significant variations among the genotypes for all 17 characters studied. The results of the analysis indicated that the genotype COR-178 stood out as the most suitable option when considering the growth and yield-related characters of coriander. This genotype exhibited superior performance and demonstrated favorable attributes compared to all other genotypes evaluated in the study.
Coriander, Variability, Genotypes, ANOVA, Yield parameters.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Tree Biometrics and Rhizosphere Microbial Population on Different Gmelina arborea Provenances
Saiesh Pandita, Subash Chandra Mohapatra, Sasmita Behera, Manas Ranjan Nayak
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1388—1396, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LORB5986
How to cite this paper:
Pandita, S., Mohapatra, S. C., Behera, S., & Nayak, M. R. (2024). Tree Biometrics and Rhizosphere Microbial Population on Different Gmelina arborea Provenances. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1388–1396. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LORB5986
A study was conducted at All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Agroforestry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, from June 2021 to June 2023. It was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatments of Gmelina arborea, viz., T1 (Chandaka), T2 (Nuapada), T3 (Nilgiri), T4 (Rayagada), T5 (Durgaprasad), T6 (Jhargram) and T7 (Kahikuchi). This study revealed notable variations in growth and other parameters across provenances (treatments). The tree growth indicators were statistically significant. T6=Jhargram provenance of Gmelina arborea consistently exhibited the highest performance, with biometrics such as tree height, DBH, crown spread, number of branches, and basal girth was 6.30 m, 10.24 cm, 1.98 m, 13 and 29.43 cm, respectively, however T3=Nilgiri provenance showed the lowest overall tree biometrics. The above ground biomass, below ground biomass, total biomass production, and carbon sequestration in the Gmelina arborea were maximum in T6=Jhargram provenance viz., 13.68 t/ha, 3.81 t/ha, 17.49 t/ha and 8.74 mg C/ha respectively. The available N was highest (173.49 kg/ha) in T6. The available P and K were highest in T7 viz. 49.66 kg/ha and 49.69 kg/ha respectively. The CFU (Colony Forming Units) in fungi and bacteria were maximum in T6 69.70 × 104/ml g and 389.17 × 106/ml g respectively. However in actinomycetes, the CFU was highest in T1 (337.49 × 106 /ml g). The highest litterfall occurred in February (58 g/m2). The treatment T6 as the most productive, with the highest overall yield (timber +fuel wood) of 332.05 t/ha. T6=Jhargram provenance also gave the highest net return (Rs13.03 lakhs) per hectare with a BCR (3.89).
Tree biometrics, Carbon sequestration, Rhizosphere microbial population, Biomass production, Litter dynamics.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
J. M. Kakadiya, H. C. Patel
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1397—1406, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HENB7850
How to cite this paper:
Kakadiya, J. M., & Patel, H. C. (2024). Behavioral Significance of Vibrations in Coleopteran and Hemipteran Insects : Applications and Implications. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1397–1406. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HENB7850
Insects utilize various modes of communication, including touch, smell, sound and sight. Among these, vibrational communication emerges as a pivotal signaling mechanism in coleopteran and hemipteran insects, influencing behaviors such as mating, territoriality, and parent-offspring interactions. This review delves into the mechanisms, types and behavioral significance of vibrational signaling in these insect groups. Vibrational signals are produced through mechanisms like tremulation, drumming, stridulation, and tymbalation, transmitting through both airborne and substrate-borne pathways. Sensory receptors such as femoral chordotonal organs play crucial roles in perceiving vibrational cues. Understanding the behavioral significance of vibrations unveils novel avenues for eco-friendly pest management strategies, such as disrupting mating or territorial behaviors, using artificial signals and vibrational cues to monitor and manage pest populations in agriculture, which reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides and promote more sustainable pest management tactics. Furthermore, emerging technologies utilizing low-frequency vibrations hold promise for eco-friendly pest management strategies, species identification and conservation efforts. This review underscores the importance of investigating the neural mechanisms underlying vibration perception and processing in insects, alongside the development of bio-inspired vibration sensors for applications in fields such as earthquake detection and structural health monitoring. By leveraging the intricate language of vibrations in insects, we can advance both fundamental understanding and practical applications in pest management and conservation efforts.
Communication, Substrate borne vibration, Coleopteran, Hemipteran, Vibration exciter, Pest management.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Sudarshan S., Kapila Shekhawat, Gunturi Alekhya, Niveditha M. P., Chethan Babu, Shashank Patel
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1407—1411, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QDMX8028
How to cite this paper:
Sudarshan, S., Shekhawat, K., Alekhya, G., Niveditha, M. P., Babu, C., & Patel, S. (2024). Relative Weed Composition, Weed Dry Matter and Wheat Yield as Influenced by Different Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Management. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1407–1411. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QDMX8028
In the rabi (winter) season of 2020-21, a field experiment conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi. The experimental employed a split-plot design, encompassing four distinct tillage practice in the main plots and four nitrogen management approaches in the sub-plots, all replicated thrice. The results show that, residue retention in zero tillage recorded significantly lower weed density and weed dry matter and higher grain yield (4.99 t/ha) over other treatments. Similar results also recorded under different nitrogen management practices, where LCC-guided N application has significantly lower weed density and weed dry matter and higher grain yield (5.39t/ha) over remaining treatments. The LCC-guided nitrogen application practice in residue retained zero tillage can be recommended for wheat farmers under rice-wheat system. This combined approach not only enhances weed control but also elevates overall productivity, signifying its potential as an effective and sustainable practice for optimizing wheat yields.
Zero tillage, Weed density, Weed dry matter, LCC, Nitrogen management.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Tiakumzuk Longkumer, Amod Sharma, Avicha Tangjang
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1412—1416, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LAAO5767
How to cite this paper:
Longkumer, T., Sharma, A., & Tangjang, A. (2024). Production and Marketing Constraints Faced by the Chinese Onion (Allium chinense) Growers in Nagaland. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1412–1416. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LAAO5767
The present study was conducted to examine the in-depth information of the socio-economic and constraints faced by the respondents during the production and marketing of Chinese onion in the concerned place of study. The data were collected through personal interview schedule by the researcher by adopting the purposive simple random technique from one district and two blocks were purposely selected and three villages from each block were selected by random method, which has make a total of 90 respondents selected from the six numbers of selected villages. The study revealed that majority of the farmers (62.00%) belonged to the middle age group (40 to 61 years). The study revealed that majority of the respondents had small sized field (0.008 to 0.024 ha). Among the various constraints in technology adoption to production, problems due to pest and diseases, lack of irrigation facility, lack of proper market, were the major challenges. Lack of all weather roads, no support prices and no reliable sources of distant market information were the major constraint faced in the marketing of Chinese onion.
Cultivation, Cost, Income, Marketing, Constraints.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Anushka Pandey, S. R. Mishra, Rajesh Kumar Agrahari, Ankur Tripathi, A.K. Singh, A.N. Mishra
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1417—1423, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IDNX8645
How to cite this paper:
Pandey, A., Mishra, S. R., Agrahari, R. K., Tripathi, A., Singh, A. K., & Mishra, A. N. (2024). Yield and Yield Attributes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop under Different Thermal and Moisture Regimes. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1417–1423. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IDNX8645
A field experiment was carried out at Agrometeorological Research Farm of ANDUA&T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP) during rabi 2022-23 and 2023-24 to study the impact of different thermal regimes/sowing environments and moisture levels on wheat yield and yield attributes. Treatment consisted of three thermal regimes viz.15th November, 25th November and 5th December in main plot with four moisture levels viz, I1 at CRI, I2-CRI+tillering, I3-CRI+ jointing and milking, I4-CRI+ jointing+anthesis and dough stage in sub plot. Results reveal that 15th November thermal regime and I4 moisture level obtained higher values of effective tillers m-2, length of the spike, no. of spikes/plant, no. of grains/ear, no. of spikelet/spike, test weight followed by 25th November and minimum values were observed for crops sown on 5th December thermal regime during both year of experiment. There was significant variation observed in the grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, and harvest index among the three distinct thermal regimes. The highest yield 47.25 and 47.73 q ha-1 were recorded under the 15th November thermal regime, followed by 25th November (44.75 and 45.2 q ha-1) and minimum at 5th December 36.75 and 37.1 q ha-1 during both year of experiment respectively. Among the moisture level I4 has obtained the maximum values of yield 46.67 and 47.1 q ha-1during 2022-23 and 2023-24, respectively.
Wheat, Thermal regime, Moisture level, Yield
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Passive Cooling of Natural Ventilated Polyhouse During Summer using IR Reflective Film
Pramod Rai, Amit Raj Topno
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1424—1430, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WASS5155
How to cite this paper:
Rai, P., & Topno, A. R. (2024). Passive Cooling of Natural Ventilated Polyhouse During Summer using IR Reflective Film. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1424–1430. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WASS5155
The high temperature (soil and air) and light intensity are major challenge in utilizing the natural ventilated polyhouse (PH) during summer season. There is urgent need to develop passive cooling system to address the challenge so that natural ventilated PH can be utilized for round the year cultivation. The IR reflective film have novel property in addressing the challenge, so it is utilized to develop natural ventilated PH to passively cool it during summer season. The efficacy of IR reflective film in cooling the natural ventilated PH is compared with open field and clear film by measuring the microclimate parameters and crop growth parameters. The increase in maximum temperature under clear film PH and IR reflective film PH are 6.2°C and 1.5°C respectively in comparison to open field. The IR reflective film is more suitable than clear film in reducing the temperature during summer season. The increase in yield under IR reflective film PH is 7.6% more than clear film PH due to suitable microclimate conditions under IR reflective film PH.
Temperature, Clear film, IR reflective film, Microclimate, Passive cooling, Polyhouse
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
G. S. Shai Prasanna, S. Sumaiya Parveen, Ajish Muraleedharan, J. L. Joshi
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1431—1439, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IXWT5575
How to cite this paper:
Prasanna, G. S. S., Parveen, S. S., Muraleedharan, A., & Joshi, J. L. (2024). Heterosis Analysis for Yield and Resistance to Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.) in F1 Progenies Derived from Six Crosses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1431–1439. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IXWT5575
Heterosis breeding has been a successful strategy for improving yield and insect pest resistance in rice. This study evaluated heterosis for yield and resistance to the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.) in F1 progenies from six rice crosses. Five diverse parents, including high-yielding varieties (ADT 43, ADT 45, ASD 16) as females and yellow stem borer resistant varieties (TKM 6, ASD 12) as males, were used to generate the F1 progenies. The parents and F1 progenies were screened for yellow stem borer resistance under screenhouse conditions by artificial infestation with larva reared in laboratory. Quantitative traits like plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, thousand grain weight, grains per panicle and grain yield per plant were evaluated for yield performance. The F1 progenies from ADT 43 × TKM 6, ADT 45 × TKM 6, ASD 16 × TKM 6 and ASD 16 × ASD 12 exhibited highly resistant status, while ADT 43 × ASD 12 and ADT 45 × ASD 12 showed resistance status to yellow stem borer. Estimation of heterosis revealed significant positive mid-parent, better-parent and useful heterosis for traits like tiller number, productive tillers, panicle length, grains per panicle and grain yield per plant in most crosses. The study identified promising heterotic rice hybrids combining high yield potential and yellow stem borer resistance, which can contribute to sustainable pest management strategies. The development of resistant varieties provides an environmentally-friendly approach to pest management, reducing excessive pesticide use and enhancing rice productivity for food security.
Rice, Heterosis, Yellow stem borer, Yield, Resistance.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modelling of Foam-Mat Dried Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima)
Neha Prajapat, S. K. Jain, Arun Goyal, Chitranjan Agarwal, S. S. Lakhawat, Sunil Joshi
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1440—1448, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VCHF3171
How to cite this paper:
Prajapat, N., Jain, S. K., Goyal, A., Agarwal, C., Lakhawat, S. S., & Joshi, S. (2024). Drying Kinetics and Mathematical Modelling of Foam-Mat Dried Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima). Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1440–1448. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VCHF3171
Wood apple is an underutilized wild fruit found in arid regions, known for its high nutritional value. However, due to limited awareness, much of this fruit goes to waste. To address this, wood apple powder was prepared using the foam mat drying method. This study evaluated the drying kinetics of foam-mat drying for wood apple, using 8% GMS as a foaming agent and 0.5% methyl cellulose as a foam stabilizer. The mixture was whipped for 10 minutes and dried in a cabinet dryer at varying temperatures (55, 60, and 65ºC) and foam mat thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 mm). Drying kinetic data were used to build drying curves, which were then analyzed using the Cubic, Page, Henderson and Pebris, and Logarithmic models. Results indicated that both the drying temperature and foam layer thickness significantly affected drying time, with the shortest drying time observed at the highest temperature and thinnest foam layer. Among the models tested, the Cubic followed by Page model most accurately represented the experimental drying curve data.
Wood apple, Foam-mat drying, Drying kinetics, Mathematical modelling.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Najma Khatun, Devajit Basumatari, Priyanki Sharma
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1449—1457, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BXEO1841
How to cite this paper:
Khatun, N., Basumatari, D., & Sharma, P. (2024). Comparative Evaluation of Change in Organoleptic, Proximate and Vitamin Content of Freshwater Fish Species, Heteropneustes fossilis at Various Duration of Low Temperature Preservation. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1449–1457. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BXEO1841
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low temperature preservation on the sensory characteristics, proximate and vitamin content of freshwater fish species, Heteropneustes fossilis. Samples prepared from the fish were kept in low temperature for different duration and nutritional parameters were analyzed. The values of proximate composition of the sample showed the highest content for the fresh sample and the values tend to decreased with increasing storage duration except for carbohydrate. Among all the proximate parameters, moisture, protein, lipid and ash showed a content decreased during storage. However, carbohydrate showed the opposite trend, increased with storage duration. Again, among all the fat soluble vitamins, sample showed the highest value for vitamin D and lowest for vitamin E. Vitamins also showed the declining trend with increasing storage duration. From the present results, it can be stated that fresh fish sample had the highest nutrient content, therefore they should be preferably consumed over preserved fishes or if preserved, it should be for a shorter duration of time so that its nutritional content retains the same.
Heteropneustes fossilis, Low temperature, Nutrition, Preservation.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Study on Population and Roosting Ecology of Bats in and Around Chikkamagaluru
Somashekar D. S., Shashikanth H. Majagi, S. G. Dhananjaya
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1458—1463, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RZRY3462
How to cite this paper:
Somashekar, D. S., Majagi, S. H., & Dhananjaya, S. G. (2024). Study on Population and Roosting Ecology of Bats in and Around Chikkamagaluru. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1458–1463. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RZRY3462
Bats spend over half of their lives in their roost environment, so these eventually play a prominent role in their ecology and evolution. Roosts are vital to the bats as it is plays where they actively get involved in mating, rearing offspring’s and facilitate the social living. With this background, the present study has been planned to evaluate the ecobiology of the bats in the vicinity of Chikkamagaluru. It is situated roughly in the south western part of Karnataka exists in mid-Western Ghats. The population dynamics of bat roosts were studied by emergence Count and direct roost count method. The roosting trees were identified by using standard botanical taxonomic keys. Bats roosted much more in trees belonging to Fabaceae family (1,527) followed by Myrtaceae family (1,180), Moraceae family (519), Bignoniaceae family (253), Sapindiaceae family (202), Proteaceae family (103), and very less population found in Poaceae family (21). Bat roosted much more in Pipal tree (40.72%), Red buckeye (26.03%), Banyan tree (19.97%), Rubber tree (6.18%), Avenue tree (3.22%), Bamboo (2.7%) and very less population in Tamarind tree (1.15%) in rural side of the study area. Where as in the city premises bats roosted much more in Nilgiri tree (38.19%), followed by Blue jacaranda tree (29.72%), White locust tree (25.26%) and very less roosting of bats in Silver tree (6.81%).In the present survey the population of bats and hosting trees varies from one locality to another locality. This is because of variation in vegetation, environmental condition and more or less adoptability of food and water and the less or more predators. The present study showed that bats preferred to roost in taller and larger trees having greater canopy areas as roosting sites, because these trees could provide more space for their large colonies.
Bats, Ecobiology, Chikkamagaluru, Roosting, Vegetation.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Suitability of Protected Structures for Round the Year Vegetables Cultivation
Pramod Rai, Amit Raj Topno
Environment and Ecology 42 (3B) : 1464—1471, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YECX2627
How to cite this paper:
Rai, P., & Topno, A. R. (2024). Suitability of Protected Structures for Round the Year Vegetables Cultivation. Environment and Ecology, 42(3B), 1464–1471. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YECX2627
The fully and partially controlled protected structures can be constructed for providing suitable microclimates for cultivation of vegetables. The fixed and operating cost of protected structures affects the profitability of cultivated vegetables. In this study protected structures i.e. shade net structure, insect proof net structure and polyhouse were constructed to study its suitability for round the year vegetables i.e. tomato and capsicum cultivation. Based on minimum and maximum temperature, it is found that shade net structure can be used only during summer season, insect proof net can be used during winter season and polyhouse can be used during winter and rainy season. Due to variation of open field micro climate round the year and different working principle of protected structures, not a single structure is found suitable for round the year cultivation of tomato and capsicum.
Protected structures, Temperature, Cultivation, Microclimates, Profitability
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International