Volume 42 (3A) 2024
Design and Development of Automated Nutrient Regulation System for Hydroponics Unit
Rana Prathap, K. Krupavathi, K. Madhusudhan Reddy, A. Ashok Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1105—1112, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QZYL9116
How to cite this paper:
Prathap, R., Krupavathi, K., Reddy, K. M., & Kumar, A. A. (2024). Design and Development of Automated Nutrient Regulation System for Hydroponics Unit. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1105–1112. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QZYL9116
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Hydroponics, a subset of hydro culture, is a growing plant without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. In soil less culture especially, hydroponics, the problem of regular maintenance of nutrient solution and required technical knowledge. The automation in hydroponics further helps to boom up the hydroponic cultivation. Automated nutrient regulation in hydroponics environment with automatic nutrient feed technology was developed and tested in the present study. The experiment was carried out an automated controlling and regulation of pH, TDS, temperature in polyhouse hydroponic system using Arduino-Uno controller, solenoid valves containing nutrients, water, pH-up, and pH-down and sensors. In this study, the sensors are connected to Arduino-Uno controller in which liquid crystal display (LCD) of Arduino-Uno circuit controls and regulates the system based on the coding which has been programmed previously. Calibration was done for all the parameters in the automated system. TDS and pH values of nutrient solution were recorded by using TDS and pH sensor probes respectively were fed to Arduino which adjusts the values, if required, through actuators. The prototype model was able to monitor and control the pH and TDS of hydroponic water in the required range with high accuracy.
pH, EC, Arduino Uno, Solenoid valves, Hydroponics, Sensors.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 
Didgi Pradeepkumar, R. Sridhar, B. S. Shivakumar, M. S. Nandish, M. Ganapathi
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1113—1117, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XXNK4544
How to cite this paper:
Pradeepkumar, D., Sridhar, R., Shivakumar, B. S., Nandish, M. S., & Ganapathi, M. (2024). Influence of Liquid Plant Growth Promoting Rhizomicrobial Consortia on Graft Success in Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1113–1117. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XXNK4544
Mango is the most important and commercially grown fruit crop in India. The area under mango is increasing rapidly but the limited availability of genuine planting material is the most important bottleneck in the expansion of the area. The application of liquid plant growth promoting rhizomicrobial consortia (PGPR) at the nursery stage will enhance the seedling vigour and graft success. Hence, an experiment was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Hiriyur during the academic year 2022–23. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications. In this study, liquid PGPRs were applied to the media (soil, sand and FYM @ 3:1:1), the different PGPRs viz., Control- (T1), Azotobacter chroococcum (T2), Bacillus megaterium (T3), Frateuria aurantia (T4), Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus megaterium (T5), Azotobacter chroococcum + Frateuria aurantia (T6), Bacillus megaterium + Frateuria aurantia (T7), Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus megaterium + Frateuria aurantia (T8). Among different treatments, T8 has showed significantly maximum sprout success (82.22 % and 84.44 % at 30 and 60 days after grafting), survival per cent (84.55 %), sprout length (9.30 cm), sprout girth (4.76 mm), number of leaves (15.37), leaf length (14.08 cm) and leaf breadth (3.29 cm) at 120 days after grafting. Hence, it is concluded that the mango rootstocks treated with Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Frateuria aurantia resulted in better physiological growth and graft success.
Mango graft, PGPR, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, Frateuria aurantia
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Profitability Analysis of Cotton Processing Industries ‑ A Study in Telangana State, India
Shwetha M. N., I. Shakuntala Devi, T. Lavanya, A. Meena
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1118—1124, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZYBF8667
How to cite this paper:
Shwetha, M. N., Devi, I. S., Lavanya, T., & Meena, A. (2024). Profitability Analysis of Cotton Processing Industries ‑ A Study in Telangana State, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1118–1124. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZYBF8667
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the financial performance of cotton processing plants. Adilabad and Nalgonda districts in Telangana state were selected as study locations and data were gathered from a sample of 10 ginning mills, 10 spinning mills, 10 weaving mills, one dyeing and printing mill and one garment manufacturing unit by using the personal interview technique. To analyze the collected data breakeven analysis and profitability ratios namely gross profit margin, operating profit margin, pre-tax margin and net profit margin were worked out. The study revealed that all cotton processing plants are processing enough additional cotton than is required to achieve breakeven point and profitable ratios are also shown positive financial position and shock absorbing capacity of the processing units. The highest gross profit margin was observed in garment manufacturing unit (23.11%) followed by spinning mills (21.92%). Whereas, highest net profit margin was seen in weaving mills (8.13%) followed by garment manufacturing unit (7.02%).
Profitability, Value chain, Cotton processing, Breakeven point
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Mrinal Kumar, Kamalkant, Shirin Akhtar, Rupam Rani, Md Zaffrul Islam, Chanda Kushwaha, R. B. Verma
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1125—1127, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/INUO4200
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, M., Kamalkant, Akhtar, S., Rani, R., Islam, M. Z., Kushwaha, C., & Verma, R. B. (2024). Field Screening of F2 Population (Muktakeshi × Pant samrat) to Observe Phomopsis Fruit Rot in Brinjal. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1125–1127. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/INUO4200
Brinjal is one of the most popular vegetables of India and equally widespread throughout the world. However, this crop is affected a lot by various diseases which are the major production constraints and Phomopsis fruit rot and blight is second most devastating diseases of brinjal in India. Development of resistant genotypes is the most economical and environment friendly way to control the disease, for which proper screening of the segregating lines is crucial. For this the F2 line of Muktakeshi × Pant samrat were screened in field conditions. Among the 181 plants producing fruits, Phomopsis fruit rot was observed in fruits of 160 plants, while 21 plants remained immune.
Phomopsis fruit rot, Eggplant, F2, Resistance Breeding, Population improvement, Gene action.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Avifaunal Species Richness and Composition at Masani Barrage, District Rewari, Haryana
Vanita, Amit Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1128—1144, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LMFC9656
How to cite this paper:
Vanita, & Kumar, A. (2024). Avifaunal Species Richness and Composition at Masani Barrage, District Rewari, Haryana. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1128–1144. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LMFC9656
Masani barrage act as wintering spot for wide range of migratory as well as residential avian species. Their population estimation is to comprehend group dynamics, niche relationships, habitat preferences, and other behavioral features. An ornithological survey was conducted at Masani barrage, district Rewari, Haryana from April 2022 to March 2023 with the help of scan sampling and point count methodology. A total of 150 bird species belonging to 18 orders and 49 families were recorded, among which 94 species were resident; 47 species were winter migrant and 9 species were summer migrant of the observed feeding guilds, Carnivores were the highly dominated followed by Insectivores (41 species), Omnivores (36 species), Herbivores (9 species) and others. Species such as Ferruginous Pochard, Black-tailed Godwit, Eurasian Curlew, Asian woollyneck, Painted stork, Black-necked Stork, Rufous-vented Grass-babbler, Black-headed Ibis, Lesser Flamingo, Oriental Darter and Alexandrine parakeet fall under near-threatened (NT) category of IUCN Conservation status. Data collected from avifaunal species at the barrage can be utilized as a baseline for analyzing future perspectives and developing appropriate management plans for protection and long-term use.
Avian species, Feeding guild, Black-headed Gull, IUCN, Sahibi River.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
S.S. Kawade, P. H. Sapkale, M.S. Sawant, H.B.Dhamagaye, S.S.Gangan, Sweksha Chauhan
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1145—1158, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZKTJ1135
How to cite this paper:
Kawade, S. S., Sapkale, P. H., Sawant, M. S., Dhamagaye, H. B., Gangan, S. S., & Chauhan, S. (2024). Comparative Study of Hydrobiological Parameters Between Earthen and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Brackishwater Shrimp Ponds in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1145–1158. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZKTJ1135
The current study was carried out to compare the hydrobiological characteristics of a selected shrimp farm in district Ratnagiri taking pond size, stocking density and culture practices into consideration. For sampling, four earthen and four high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ponds were chosen. Most of the water parameters showed significant difference with respect to different types of ponds (earthen and HDPE) viz. temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and net primary productivity (NPP) of both crops (p<0.05). First crop showed significant difference among all water parameters except biochemical oxygen demand (p<0.05). Second crop (January-May) showed significant difference (p<0.05) among all parameters except hardness, ammonia, nitrite, gross primary productivity (GPP) and community respiration (CR). Phytoplankton showed significant difference (p<0.05) with respect to different types of ponds for both crops and zooplankton showed significant differences (p<0.05) only during first crop. Results indicated that high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ponds have greater consistency in water quality characteristics than earthen ponds, which could contribute to enhanced shrimp growth and survival.
Hydrobiological, Earthen, High-density polyethylene (HDPE), Phytoplankton, Productivity.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Permendra Singh, Dileep Kachroo, Shashank Shekher Singh, Reena, Sonika Jamwal, A.C. Jha
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1159—1163, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TOJC3361
How to cite this paper:
Singh, P., Kachroo, D., Singh, S. S., Reena, Jamwal, S., & Jha, A. C. (2024). Impact of Crop Bio-Intensification and Nutrient Management on Production and Productivity of Maize Crop under North West Himalayan Region of Jammu -Kashmir. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1159–1163. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TOJC3361
A field experiment was conducted during for two years (2015 and 2016) at the Research Farm, FSR center, Main Campus, Chatha of SKUAST–Jammu, during rabi, zayad and kharif seasons on clay loam soil to study the effect of crop bio-intensification and nutrient management on productivity and sustainability of various cropping. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Under different treatments (crop bio-intensification and nutrient management) the grain yield, straw yield and total bio-mass (q/ha) of maize was found varying. The grain yield, straw yield and total bio-mass of maize was observed more in second year kharif 2015 than first year kharif 2016. Among crop bio-intensification, maize crop sown under Lentil (BB) + Mustard (B) – Summer Moongbean –Maize (BB) + Sorghum (F) practice produced higher grain yield ( 30.16 q/ha and 31.50 q/ha ) than the crop sown under wheat + mustard (6:1) –Summer moongbean – maize (bed) + Cowpea (B) (26.03 q/ha and 26.78 q/ha ) during both of the years of experimentations. The same trend was observed with straw yield and total bio-mass. Among nutrient management, application of 100% in- organic showed higher grain yield, straw yield and total bio-mass than 100% organic (FYM) and INM (50:50) during 1st and 2nd years of experimentations.
Crop bio-intensification, Nutrient management, Maize, Production
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Growth and Yield of Basella alba L. in Relation to the Propagation Method and the Growth Media
Shubhankar Khan, Jenifar A. Sangma, Pinaki Acharyya
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1164—1169, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XWCC5774
How to cite this paper:
Khan, S., Sangma, J. A., & Acharyya, P. (2024). Growth and Yield of Basella alba L. in Relation to the Propagation Method and the Growth Media. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1164–1169. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XWCC5774
An attempt has been made in the present investigation to study the performance of five propagating materials viz. normal seeds, scarified seeds, two node cuttings, four node cuttings and tip cuttings to grow out and perform in three growth media viz. soil only, sand only and soil+sand (1:1) mixture. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design having three replicates. A total of 15 treatment combinations were under study. The treatment combination comprised of two factors viz. Factor 1 = M (Media) and Factor 2 = P (Propagating material). Survivability percentage was highest (100%) in 4 node cutting in soil followed by 2 node cutting in sand and tip cutting in sand. Length of the vine was maximum in tip cutting in soil throughout the period of experiment. Girth of the stem was highest in 2 node cutting in sand during the initial growth stage, however at 45 days after sowing (DAS) it was highest in seed sown in sand+soil (1:1). Number of nodes on the stem was highest in tip cutting in soil due to its rapid stem formation and throwing out of new shoots from the nodal points. The maximum internodal length was observed in tip cutting at soil as compared to others. Result of number of nodes and internodal length at different DAS are correlated and noted that with rise in the number of nodes, the inter nodal length also increased. Increment in number of side shoots was highest in seed sown in soil and least in scarified seed in sand. Number of leaves/plants was highest in 4 node cutting in sand at 15 DAS, however at 30 DAS total no. of leaves/plant was highest in tip cutting in soil. Length and width of leaf was highest in seed in sand+soil media (1:1). Number of prominent veinlets was highest in 4 node cutting in sand + soil (1:1). Total leaf area was highest in scarified seed in sand+soil (1:1). Number of lateral roots was highest in tip cutting in sand and least in 2 node cutting in sand at 45 DAS. Average weight of the roots/plant was higher in seed sown in sand + soil (1:1) having more stouter roots. Edible fresh weight /plant was highest in seed grown in sand +soil (1:1) and least in scarified seed in sand. In the present findings, soil +sand mix was a better option than soil alone due to optimal holding of water and maintenance of turgor pressure in the leaves. It may be concluded that growth media significantly influenced the growth and ultimately the yield in Basella. Strong correlation existed among the growth media and propagating materials under study. The highest yield was observed in seed grown under sand+soil mix (1:1), followed by tip cutting, 4 node cutting and 2 node cutting.
Basella, Propagation, Seeds, Cutting, Growth media.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Standardization of Halo Priming Treatments to Enhance Seed Quality in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
S. Arunkumar, G. Sathiya Narayanan
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1170—1175, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JUFP2529
How to cite this paper:
Arunkumar, S., & Narayanan, G. S. (2024). Standardization of Halo Priming Treatments to Enhance Seed Quality in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1170–1175. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JUFP2529
Groundnut is a significant grain legume and oil seed crop around the world. The ultimate yield and quality of crops are significantly influenced by the uniformity and proportion of seedling emergence. Weaker seedlings arise from delayed emergence. These days, seed priming is frequently used to improve seed performance, namely to increase germination rate and uniformity of establishment. Therefore, research on priming methods is necessary to raise seedling germination rates and quality. The experiments were carried out to standardize various seed priming treatments with chemicals to enhance seed quality in groundnut. Groundnut seeds were soaked for 4, 6 and 8 hrs with chemical priming agents viz., calcium chloride, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulphate at the concentration of 1, 2 and 3% along with hydropriming and control. The results revealed that the seed to solution ratio of 1:1 soaked for 6 hrs recorded the maximum seed quality characters. Irrespective of soaking duration, seeds primed with calcium chloride @ 1% recorded the maximum seed quality attributes followed by 2% calcium chloride outperformed other treatments by recording higher imbibition rate, germination percentage, longest seedling length, maximum dry matter production and vigour index of groundnut.
Standardization, Seed quality, Seed priming, Seed germination
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Diversity of Pentatomid Bug Fauna in Semi- Arid Western Rajasthan
Pushpa Choudhary, Man Mohan Sundria, Gaurang Chhangani, R. Swaminathan, M. M. Kumawat
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1176—1178, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SESM9655
How to cite this paper:
Choudhary, P., Sundria, M. M., Chhangani, G., Swaminathan, R., & Kumawat, M. M. (2024). Diversity of Pentatomid Bug Fauna in Semi-Arid Western Rajasthan. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1176–1178. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SESM9655
The paper deals with the study of 15 species belonging to 13 genera under two subfamilies of family Pentatomidae in pearl millet and mungbean during kharif, 2022. 181 adults were identified into 15 species: Acrosternum gramineum, Adria parvula, Bagrada hilaris, Carbula biguttata, Carbula socia, Dolycoris indicus, Eysarcoris ventralis, Eysarcoris sp., Erthesina acuminata, Halys serrigera, Piezodorus hybneri, Placosternum taurus, Sciocoris indicus, Eocanthecona furcellata and Andrallus spinidens. The maximum relative abundance was observed for Eysarcoris ventralis (33.70%) followed by Piezodorus hybneri (20.99%). The minimum relative abundance was observed for Carbula biguttata, Carbula socia, Eysarcoris sp., Erthesina acuminata, and Placosternum taurus with the relative abundance of 0.55% each.
Subfamily, Relative abundance, Pentatomidae, Acrosternum, Genera, Species
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Nitin Kant Prabhakar, J. P. Mehta, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Mamta Arya
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1179—1185, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SYVT7648
How to cite this paper:
Prabhakar, N. K., Mehta, J. P., Nayaka, S., & Arya, M. (2024). Assessment of Lichen Diversity in a Part of Madhyamaheshwar Valley of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1179–1185. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SYVT7648
A comprehensive survey was carried out to evaluate the distribution pattern and diversity of lichens in the Madhyamaheshwar valley, Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand. According to the data gathered, there are 60 species total, divided into 21 families and 33 genera. The extensive diversity of lichen growth types in the region is demonstrated by the presence of 25 species of crustose lichen, followed by 19 foliose and 16 fruticose. The data gathered from the survey indicates that the Parmeliaceae family, with 8 genera and 12 species, is the most prevalent family in the area, followed by the Cladoniaceae family, which has 1 genera and 8 species. The enumeration of lichens from Madhyamaheshwar valley survey reveals that as the altitude increases the number of lichen species also increases. More taxa will undoubtedly be added to the lichen flora of this valley by conducting a thorough study of lichen species in the surrounding areas. Future biomonitoring and bioprospecting studies in the area will be supported by the baseline data provided by the current lichen count.
Lichen diversity, Madhyamaheshwar valley, Rudraprayag district, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
R. K. Sheela Jesvanthini, G. Baradhan, S. M. Suresh Kumar, G. Sathyanarayanan, R. Rex Immanuel
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1186—1190, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZZJK2897
How to cite this paper:
Jesvanthini, R. K. S., Baradhan, G., Kumar, S. M. S., Sathyanarayanan, G., & Immanuel, R. R. (2024). Evaluating the Impact of Combined Application of Seed Dressing and Foliar Application of Sea Weed Extracts on Growth Attributes of Black Gram (Vigna mungo). Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1186–1190. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZZJK2897
A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of combined application of seed dressing and foliar administration of sea weed on growth attributes of black gram. The crop was raised in Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai nagar. The experiment consisted of seven treatments and was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Seed treatment and foliar application @ 5% seaweed extract (Sargassum sp.) + RDF excelled the other treatments in recording the highest growth attributes viz., plant height, LAI, DMP and number of branches per plant. The diverse mix of micro and macro nutrients, trace elements, humic acid, amino acids, plant growth hormones, vitamins, antibiotics, and organic matter in seaweed extract significantly enhanced black gram’s growth parameters like plant height, leaf area, and root biomass.
Black gram, Seed dressing, Foliar application, Seaweeds, Growth attributes
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Sailesh Chattopadhyay
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1191—1193, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IUKM1751
How to cite this paper:
Chattopadhyay, S. (2024). Graphium doson (Felder and Felder) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) on Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. Ex Pierre: A New Record of Host Plant from Jharkhand. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1191–1193. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IUKM1751
The common Joy, Graphium doson (Felder and Felder) was noticed to cause severe damage by feeding the foliages of champak (Magnolia champaca) plantation by the caterpillars for the first time from Jharkhand State. This new host plant record of Graphium doson in Jharkhand is of paramount importance for the outbreak potentiality of this lepidopteron insect.
Graphium doson, Foliage infestation, Magnolia champaca, New record.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Johnson Naorem, A. Sarkar, Chhail Bihari, N.K. Adhikary, S.P. Kanaujia, C.S. Maiti, T. Karak, S. Shil
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1194—1200, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IXAR8456
How to cite this paper:
Naorem, J., Sarkar, A., Bihari, C., Adhikary, N. K., Kanaujia, S. P., Maiti, C. S., Karak, T., & Shil, S. (2024). Effect of Different Sources of Concentrated Organic Inputs and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli cv Calabrese. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1194–1200. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IXAR8456
Broccoli, scientifically known as Brassica oleracea L. var. italica, is an important cool-season vegetable crops belonging to the family Brassicaceae or Cruciferae. Organic broccoli farming is an eco-friendly approach that ensures sustainable agricultural practices for consistent and resilient production by improving resistance against various pests and environmental challenges. Two consecutive years of field experiment was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 comprising of twenty-one treatments with different sources of concentrated organic inputs along with bio-fertilizers by cultivar calabrese laid out in two factorial Randomized Block Design replicated by three times. The treatment combinations were consisted of seven different organic inputs viz. T1– neem cake @ 1 t ha-1, T2-mustard cake @ 1 t ha-1, T3– neem cake @ 0.75 t ha-1, T4– mustard cake @ 0.75 t ha-1, T5– neem cake @ 0.5 t ha-1, T6– mustard cake @ 0.5 t ha-1 and T7-control and three different level of biofertilizers viz. B1– azotobactor @ 2 kg ha-1, B2– azospirillum @ 2 kg ha-1 and B3– PSB @ 2 kg ha-1. The exponential and significant improvement in plant height (31.68 cm), dry matter content (32.26%), gross head weight (615.18 g), net head weight (304.26 g) and projected yield (8.44 t ha-1) were influenced by integrated application of mustard cake @ 1t ha-1 with azospirillum @ 2 kg ha-1. The plant applied in different doses of mustard cake along with azospirillum responded better performance in most of the biochemical aspects viz. TSS (3.92 to 4.090 Brix), vit-C (99.71 to 101.77 mg 100 g-1 pulp) and crude protein (2.23 to 2.43%). Mustad cake @ 1t ha-1 along with azospirillium @ 2 kg ha-1 clearly demonstrated more accumulation of N (2.12%), P (1.20%) and K (1.78%) content in plant tissue and significantly improved the head quality.
Broccoli, Biofertilizer, Organic inputs, Quality, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Shubhika Goel, R. K. Singh
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1201—1211, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OEPX5709
How to cite this paper:
Goel, S., & Singh, R. K. (2024). Studies on Variation of Temperature and Rainfall using Climatological Data for the Plain and Hill Zones of Uttarakhand. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1201–1211. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OEPX5709
The present study examines long-term annual, seasonal and monthly changes and short-term fluctuations in monsoonal rainfall and temperature over plain and hill zones of Uttarakhand. Both rainfall and temperature data for period of 1981-2020 were analyzed in this study. Statistical trend analysis techniques namely Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were used to examine and analyze the problems. The detailed analysis of the data for 40 years indicates that the annual range of temperature is increasing in the hill zone. In the context of agriculture, the observed trends in temperature and rainfall patterns pose significant implications for farming practices and crop yields in Uttarakhand. The increasing annual range of temperature, particularly in the hill zone, suggests a heightened risk of temperature extremes such as heat waves and cold spells. During the monsoon season, while rainfall levels may remain relatively stable or exhibit minor fluctuations, the variability highlighted by the box and whisker plots underscores the importance of preparedness for both excess and deficit rainfall scenarios.
Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope, Trend analysis, Climatic variability.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Santosh Meena, A. C. Shivran, Devi Lal Dhaker, Rayapati Karthik, B. R. Meena
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1212—1218, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YDQV2430
How to cite this paper:
Meena, S., Shivran, A. C., Dhaker, D. L., Karthik, R., & Meena, B. R. (2024). Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Thiourea on Nutrient Concentration, Uptake and Water Use Efficiency of Mustard. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1212–1218. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YDQV2430
To know the effect of irrigation scheduling and foliar application of thiourea on nutrient concentration, uptake and water use efficiency of mustard, an experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner during winter season of 2019-20. The experiment consisted five treatments of scheduling of irrigation (Surface irrigation, sprinkler, drip irrigation at 0.4 IW/CPE ratio, 0.6 IW/CPW ratio and 0.8 IW/CPE ratio, respectively) and three levels of foliar application of thiourea (Control, thiourea @ 500 ppm and thiourea @ 750 ppm). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that drip irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur concentration and their uptake in mustard, water use efficiency as well as protein content as compared to surface irrigation, sprinkler and drip irrigation at 0.4 IW/CPE ratio. The thiourea @ 500 ppm recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur concentration and their uptake in mustard, protein and oil yield of mustard, water use efficiency. Based on the above findings, drip irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio with foliar application of thiourea @ 500 ppm could be recommended to farmers of mustard in Rajasthan.
Nutrient uptake, Thiourea, Protein, Mustard
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Bendangsenla Pongener, Chitta R. Deb, Asosii Paul
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1219—1223, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WXDK2076
How to cite this paper:
Pongener, B., Deb, C. R., & Paul, A. (2024). Crop Legumes Grown in Jhum Fields and Home Gardens in Nagaland and Study of the Root Nodule Morphology. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1219–1223. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WXDK2076
Surveys were conducted in five districts of Nagaland to collect crop legumes grown in Jhum fields and home gardens. Ten crop legumes, namely Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC, Glycine max (L.) Merr, Lablab purpureus L., Mucuna prurita (L.) DC, Phaseolus lunatus L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L., Vicia faba (L.) D.C, Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and H. Ohashi and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp were commonly cultivated. Vigna unguiculata and Vigna umbellata were the most popularly grown beans. Root nodule was observed in all nine crop legumes except for Vicia faba. The nodules were of the determinate type. Number of root nodules and nodule size varies with the species. Large nodules were found in Canavalia gladiata, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, and Mucuna prurita with the mean size of 5.15 ± 0.617 mm, 4.93 ± 0.115 mm, and 4.83 ± 0.289 mm. The smallest was in Vigna umbellata, with 1.45 ± 0.610 mm. Root nodule endophytes belonging to Rhizobium sp. were isolated from three popular crop legumes, namely, V. umbellata, V. unguiculata, and P. vulgaris. The study underscores the importance of further research on the crop legume symbiotic association with native root nodulating bacteria (rhizobia) for crop productivity.
Crop legumes, Home garden, Jhum field, Nagaland, Rhizobia, Root nodule
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Studies on Mangrove Sediment Texture and Nutrients Along Bhayander Creek of Maharashtra Coast
Pravin Sapkale, S. T. Indulkar, S. S. Gangan, B. T. Sawant, B. M. Yadav
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1224—1227, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HKYR1908
How to cite this paper:
Sapkale, P., Indulkar, S. T., Gangan, S. S., Sawant, B. T., & Yadav, B. M. (2024). Studies on Mangrove Sediment Texture and Nutrients Along Bhayander Creek of Maharashtra Coast. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1224–1227. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HKYR1908
The observation on mangrove sediment variables along Bhayander creek of district Thane within Maharashtra coast was carried to analyze the deterioration level of mangrove sediment due to water pollution. Research was conducted during October 2016 to September 2017. Different sediment variables like sand, silt, clay, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphate were determined. Texture of sand, silt and clay was widely oscillated during the said period. Organic matter, Organic carbon, available phosphate, and total nitrogen were found significantly different seasonally throughout the study period. Observations showed noteworthy uncertainties in all the sediment variables found distinct within their limits. Study proposes the measures to mitigate contamination of Bhayander creek and anthropogenic restrictions.
Organic carbon, Phosphate, Mangrove sediment, Texture
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Diversity and First Record of Tunicates (Ascidians) from Gujarat Coast, India
Zalak Sabapara, Paresh Poriya
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1228—1237, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FEYQ7102
How to cite this paper:
Sabapara, Z., & Poriya, P. (2024). Diversity and First Record of Tunicates (Ascidians) from Gujarat Coast, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1228–1237. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FEYQ7102
The present study reports 21 species of tunicates belonging to six families from the intertidal zone of Okha coast, Gujarat, India. Tunicates were distributed in small to moderate sized colonies up to 10 cm in various microhabitats and niches like underneath rocks, co-exist with sponges and algal studded rock surfaces of the intertidal zone. Single solitary species Herdmania momus were reported underneath boulders and within algal beds. The studied intertidal zone is located at the southern fringe of the Gulf of Kutch which is known for its diverse intertidal coral reefs and possibly this is reason for rich diversity of tunicates in this area than any other coast of Gujarat. This study is the first to document the occurrence of the ascidian species from this coast and provides a baseline of tunicates fauna of Gujarat coast.
Tunicates, Ascidians, Diversity, Gujarat, India
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Floristic Composition and Nativity Analysis: Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary
Arvind Kumar, Rup Narayan
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1238—1254, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LRBA6690
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, A., & Narayan, R. (2024). Floristic Composition and Nativity Analysis: Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1238–1254. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LRBA6690
Biological invasion is considered as a significant contributor to the human-driven global environment change that has resulted in loss of native biodiversity and alteration in different aspects of the functioning of invaded ecosystems. Present work aimed at understanding the trend of intrusion of alien flora in a dry tropical region of a protected area, the Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the midst of rapidly urbanizing five districts of Uttar Pradesh in India. Survey visits to the sanctuary were carried out during the period 2021-2023 and species list was compiled with the help of recorded flora and other published works and each species was assigned its nativity. Out of a total of 591plant species distributed over 106 families, 62% were aliens and only 38% flora were natives. Highest alien flora were of American biogeographic origin (26%), followed by Asian (21%), African (7%), European (5%) and Australian (3%). The dominant families included Poaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae, Malvaceae and Cyperaceae comprising 43.1% of total flora recorded. Herbaceous were maximum in number (71%), followed by tree (14%), shrub (10%) and climber (5%) flora. The study revealed increasing trend of intrusion of alien flora, predominated by the flora of American and Asian biogeographic origin, into the protected area of Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary. Thus, this study has implication for necessary management measures against the naturalizing, colonizing and invasive alien weeds in protected areas, especially across urbanizing anthropo-ecosystems in Indian dry tropics.
Biological invasion, Protected areas, Bio-diversity conservation, Invasive species, Alien-flora, Dry tropics.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Shubham Sharma, Ravi Bhardwaj, Bhupender Dutt, Rohit Sharma, Pancy Thakur
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1255—1262, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PHOP6617
How to cite this paper:
Growth and Yield Variation in Andrographis paniculata as Influenced by Nutrient Levels and Harvesting Stages. (2024). Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1255–1262. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PHOP6617
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of integrated dose of manures and fertilizers and harvesting stages on growth and yield of Andrographis paniculata in the experimental farm as well as laboratory of Department of Forest Products, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh during the year 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorial under field conditions with eight treatments and three replications. Among various organic manures and fertilizers combinations treatment T2 (NPK @ 60:45:30 kg/ha) excelled over other treatments for all the growth and yield parameters i.e. plant height (46.98 cm), plant spread (30.07 cm2), number of branches per plant (19.89), number of leaves per plant (92.39), fresh stem weight per plant (20.30 g), dry stem weight per plant (12.90 g), fresh leaf weight per plant (13.87 g), dry leaf weight per plant (7.47 g), fresh above ground biomass per plant (35.29 g), dry above ground biomass per plant (20.70 g), estimated fresh above ground biomass (26.12 q/ha) and estimated dry above ground biomass (15.32 q/ha) which was followed by T7 (Vermicompost @ 3.3 t/ha + PK @ 45:30 kg/ha) and minimum values were recorded in control i.e. (T1). However, in case of interaction effect between organic manures, fertilizers and harvesting stages maximum values for estimated fresh above ground biomass (30.82 q/ha) and estimated dry above ground biomass (18.95 q/ha) were recorded in treatment combination T2H2 (NPK @ 60:45:30 kg/ha at flowering stage). Economic analysis revealed that NPK (60:45:30 kg/ha) had the highest benefit cost ratio of 2.06 which was followed by Jeevamrit + PK (45:30 kg/ha) i.e. 1.59 and minimum value was recorded in control.
Andrographis paniculata, Integrated, Jeevamrit, Benefit cost ratio
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Ecofriendly Management of Turcicum Leaf Blight of Maize
Sanjeev Kumar, C. S. Azad, Shreya Sen
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1263—1267, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RRMP9342
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, S., Azad, C. S., & Sen, S. (2024). Ecofriendly Management of Turcicum Leaf Blight of Maize. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1263–1267. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RRMP9342
Among the plant extracts, all the plant extracts inhibit the mycelial growth of Exserohilum turcicum, Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel extract @ 10% was effective in reducing the growth of Exserohilum turcicum. Foliar spray of Azadirachta indica seed extract was also found most effective among plant extract showing the minimum disease severity (25.4%) and maximum grain yield (24.1q/ha). while Eucalyptus citriodora 10% concentration were low effective as comparison to Azadirachta indica and Ocimum sanctum in inhibition of Exserohilum turcicum growth and produced 72.8% lower grain yield as compare to Azadirachta indica. Minimum grain yield was recorded in check plots. Six fungicides also tested, Zineb 75 WP @ 0.25 % concentration found most effective in inhibiting the growth of E. turcicum, low in disease severity and ultimately produced higher grain yield of maize. Mancozeb 63%+Carbendazim 12% @ 0.25% was found equally effective which can be used as an alternative to Zineb.
Fungicides, Maize, Plant extracts, Turcicum leaf blight
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Himalaya Ganachari, Narayan Sahoo
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1268—1276, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ADHF9639
How to cite this paper:
Ganachari, H., & Sahoo, N. (2024). Water Harvesting Potential Prediction for Budelkani Watershed for Design of Runoff Recycling Irrigation Pond. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1268–1276. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ADHF9639
Water harvesting potential was simulated for Budelkani watershed of Sundargarh district, Odisha, India, predicted using water balance model. Model was simulated for 23 years (1983-2015) for short duration variety of rice (108 days). Simulation was done in two variations, firstly in seasonal basis, secondly stage wise. At 50% PE, for 50 mm PWL, SR, rainfall, SI and WHP were best fitted at 120.13 mm, 1144.1 mm, 91.96 mm and 1.52 respectively. They were best fitted by Log-pearson, pareto, EV Type III and pareto respectively. Similarly stage wise, SR also more in stage 1 than stage 2 at quantity of 66.54 and 7.55 mm, respectively and there WHP were calculated to be 1.31. At 50% PE, seasonal values of SR, WHP and SI recorded at 66.23 mm, 1.1 and 79.03 mm, for 100 mm PWL, respectively. They were best fitted by Gamma, Log-pearson and Log normal, respectively. While stage wise, SR at 50% PE were found to be 32.57 to 16.99 mm for stage 1 and stage 2 and WHP at 50% PE, found to be 1.01 in 100 mm PWL. Log-pearson, EV Type III and Log-normal (3-P) PDF were best fitted to SR, WHP and SI at seasonally for 150 mm PWL. At 50% PE, SR, WHP and SI value lies at 65.94 mm, 1.02, 67.72 mm. For 150 mm PWL, best fitted values of SR at 50% PE, for stage 1 and stage 2 were observed to be 15.3 mm, 12.32 mm and likewise, WHP found to be 1.
Simulation, WHP, Water balance model
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Subhra Bandopadhyay, Debnath Palit
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1277—1282, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JYQZ8224
How to cite this paper:
Bandopadhyay, S., & Palit, D. (2024). Wild Plants Used as Cure to Diseases by the People of Tribal Communities in the District of Birbhum, West Bengal, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1277–1282. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JYQZ8224
Sects of indigenous origin especially tribal population residing at the forest-fringes are the traditional users of the folk-medicines derived from the plants grown in proximity to where they live. Such age-old practices through generations have transformed knowledge into neural wisdom in them. This can open up a new dimension for the commercial synthesis of “Bio-medicines” supportive to eradicate the menace of drug resistance. The pharmaceutical industry can promote researches on bio-medical aspects of the ethno-medicinal plants (many being wild) and plant parts which are best addressed as Non-Timber Forest Products, to cure and prevent human diseases. Present study has dealt with these Non-Timber Forest Products to conceptualize and promote natural preventives and curatives as replacements for chemically synthesized medicines (drugs) having incidence of drug resistance and harmful side effects.
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Drug resistance, Folk-medicine, Neural wisdom
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Resource Use Efficiency in Ginger Production in the West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya
Koyel Roy, D. C. Kalita
Environment and Ecology 42 (3A) : 1283—1286, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EPTO5174
How to cite this paper:
Roy, K., & Kalita, D. C. (2024). Resource Use Efficiency in Ginger Production in the West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. Environment and Ecology, 42(3A), 1283–1286. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EPTO5174
India is a predominantly agricultural economy. More than 70% of its population is directly or indirectly involved in agricultural activities. India is one of the foremost producers of spices in the world. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), 63 spices are grown in India. Ginger is one of the main spices and plays a vital role in the production and export of the country. Meghalaya’s economy is predominantly agriculture-based with 81% of its population depending on agriculture, though agricultural productivity in Meghalaya is very low. This paper analyzes resource use efficiency in ginger production in Meghalaya’s West Garo Hills district. The study is based on primary data. The multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 300 ginger farmers. To estimate resource use efficiency in ginger production, the Cobb-Douglas type of production function was best fitted to the data. Independent variables identified were land (X1), seed (X2), labour (X3), harvesting cost (X4), marketing cost (X5) and others include hoe, dao (wait), digging spades (X6) and dependent variables as production of ginger(Y). Among the inputs used for the production of ginger which had positive and significant influences at the overall level, the MVP to PX ratio was less than one for land (0.07), seed (0.26), human labor (0.08), harvesting cost (0.08), marketing cost (0.13) and others (0.09) indicated under-utilization of these resources in the cultivation of ginger.
Ginger, Resource-use efficiency, Cobb-Douglas production function, Marginal value product, Marginal input cost.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International