Volume 42 (3) 2024
Effect of Heat Pump Drying on Quality of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review
Md Irfan Ahmad Ansari, Chhaya, Augustine Guria, Pramod Rai
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 921—926, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WBVS1056
How to cite this paper:
Ansari, M. I. A., Chhaya, Guria, A., & Rai, P. (2024). Effect of Heat Pump Drying on Quality of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 921–926. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WBVS1056
Drying is one of the most important unit operations used in food processing sector at large scale to extend shelf-life, enhance appearance, maintain nutritional value, reduce packaging and transporting cost. The high temperature convective hot air drying process reduces the nutritional and organoleptic quality of food products. Heat pump drying is one of the options for drying of fruits and vegetables at low temperature with high nutritional and organoleptic quality apart from saving in energy consumption and operation under controlled conditions. Heat pump drying works on the principle of refrigeration cycle which controls the temperature and relative humidity of drying air in the drying process. Researchers have found that high-value heat-sensitive food products can be dehydrated through heat pump drying while preserving nutrition and phytochemicals, improving rehydration (lesser cellular structure damage) and organoleptic (odor, flavor, taste, texture and appearance) properties. This paper discusses the principle of operations, nutrient and color degradation kinetics and quality of heat pump dried fruits and vegetables.
Heat pump drying, Fruits, Vegetables, Temperature, Relative humidity, Quality.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 
Jagadish Jena, Bipin Bihari Panda, Stuti Debapriya Behera, Narendra Pandey
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 927—934, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZNTG8550
How to cite this paper:
Jena, J., Panda, B. B., Behera, S. D., & Pandey, N. (2024). Effect of Residue and Nutrient Management on Productivity, Profitability and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Cowpea in Intensified Rice-Based Cropping Systems. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 927–934. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZNTG8550
Rice based cropping systems are the most predominantly grown systems in India contributing a major share to India’s food grain production. However, systems i.e., rice-rice and rice-wheat brought us second generation sustainability issues over long run. Cowpea being a multi-role legume crop can be considered for the intensification of rice-based system with limited resources and its residue having lower C:N ratio can easily decompose in soil and enhance soil fertility. Following experiment was conducted at Institutional Research Farm, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha during kharif, rabi and summer season during 2017-18 and 2018-19. The treatments were laid out in split plot design and consisted of three replications. The main plot consisted of two rice-based cropping systems i.e., rice-maize-cowpea (R-M-C) and rice-groundnut-cowpea (R-G-C), sub-plots consisted of five nutrient and residue management practices i.e., C-C-C, R-R-R, RI+R75-R-R, RI+R75-SM+R-R and RI+R75-SM+R-R50. The pooled value for the season 2017-18 and 2018-19 revealed that, RI+R75-SM+R-R and RI+R75-SM+R-R50 resulted higher yield i.e., pod yield, seed yield, stover yield, HI, nutrient content, nutrient uptake, economic return i.e., gross return, net return and B:C ratio, higher CH4 flux and lower N2O flux than R-R-R. Between two cropping systems, R-M-C cropping system recorded highest yield and is more feasible to take over R-G-C. Among nutrient management, RI+R75-SM+R-R recorded higher growth and yield but due to consistent residue retention and incorporation, even if using 50% of recommended dose of fertilizer in cowpea i.e., RI+R75-SM+R-R50 recorded similar growth, yield, economic return, and even higher B:C ratio than RI+R75-SM+R-R and recommended. Cowpea residue incorporation and 25% reduced dose of chemical fertilizer application in rice crop, rice straw mulch in rabi maize and 50% reduction in chemical fertilizer application in summer cowpea (RI+R75-SM+R-R50) received highest cowpea yield, and economic return and this system-based nutrient management should be recommended in R-M-C cropping system.
Cowpea, Crop diversification, Cropping system, Greenhouse gas, Residue management.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Bioefficacy of Certain Combination Insecticides against Insect Pests in Tomato
Shivam Kumar, Sameer Kumar Singh, Umesh Chandra
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 935—941, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CQXL9639
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, S., Singh, S. K., & Chandra, U. (2024). Bioefficacy of Certain Combination Insecticides against Insect Pests in Tomato. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 935–941. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CQXL9639
Tomato fruits are considerably affected by array of insect pests infesting at different stages of crop growth. Among the factors responsible for low yield of tomato, insect pests are major one. The present experiments entitled was carried out at Students’ Instructional Farm, Acharya Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (UP) during rabi season 2020-21 to test the efficacy of certain combination insecticides against major insect pests. Among the efficacy of certain combination insecticides, the treatment Betacyfluthrin 8.49% + Imidacloprid 19.81% OD 400ml/ha was observed most effective against whitefly, Jassid and serpentine leaf miner, whereas Chlorpyriphos 50%+ Cypermethrin 5% EC 1000 ml/ha was least effective against whitefly, Profenofos 40%+Cypermethrin 4% EC 1250 ml/ha was found least effective against Jassid and Triazophos 35%+ Deltamethrin 1% EC 1000ml/ ha was least effective against serpentine leaf miner. Chlorantraniliprole 10%+Lambda cyhalothrin 5% ZC 250 ml/ha was most effective and found Triazophos 35%+ Deltamehtrin 1% EC 100ml/ha least effective against larval population of H. armigera followed by Imidacloprid 40%+Fipronil 40% WG 500 g/ha, Imidacloprid 40%+Ethiprole 40% WG 500 g/ha. The maximum yield (203.41 q/ha) was recorded in Betacyfluthrin 8.49% +Imidacloprid 19.81% OD 400ml/ ha and minimum yield was recorded in Triazophos 35%+ Deltramethrin 1% EC 1000ml/ha (163.17 q/ ha). The benefit cost- ratio 1:19.31 was recorded highest in Betacyfluthrin 8.49%+Imidacloprid 19.81% OD 400 ml/ha and lowest 1:3.12 in Imidacloprid 40%+Ethiprole 40% WG 500 g/ha. In comparison to traditional pesticides, these combination insecticides are a newer more efficient against the major pest of tomato at lower doses.
Efficacy, Economics, Combination insecticides, Insect pests, Tomato
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Influence of Abiotic Factors on Incidence of Major Insect Pests in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
S. Omprakash, C. Narendra Reddy, M. Swarna Sree, T. Kiran Babu, M. Sreedhar
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 942—947, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UOFB6494
How to cite this paper:
Omprakash, S., Reddy, C. N., Sree, M. S., Babu, T. K., & Sreedhar, M. (2024). Influence of Abiotic Factors on Incidence of Major Insect Pests in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 942–947. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UOFB6494
Experimental trial was conducted during late kharif 2018 and 2019 to study the influence and their correlation of abiotic factors on incidence of major insect pests in sesame crop.The pooled seasonal incidence data pertaining to Antigastra catalaunalis larvae per plant during late kharif 2018 and 2019 revealed that, the initial incidence commenced from 2nd week of September (37th standard week) with 0.07 larvae per plant and its peak was observed (1.03 larvae per plant) during 3rd week of October (42nd standard week). The per cent flower infestation data pertaining to Asphondylia sesami revealed that, the infestation was started on 2nd week of October (41st standard week) with 5.43% flower infestation when the flowering was started on the crop. The peak infestation with a mean of 10.87% was observed on 3rd week October (42nd standard week) and recorded minimum infestation of 4.19% on 4th week of October (43rd standard week) coincided with capsule formation stage. The correlation between larval population of A. catalaunalis with preceding one week weather parameters (one week lag) showed a positive and significant correlation with morning relative humidity (0.542*). Multiple regression analysis shows all weather parameters collectively influenced the A. catalaunalis larval population to the extent of 70% and A. sesami flower infestation to the extent of 51% on sesame.
Abotic factors, Incidence, Correlation, A. sesami, A. catalaunalis
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Sugarcane Yield Prediction in Bihar using Biometric Characteristics
Muhammed Irshad M., Mahesh Kumar, D. N. Kamat
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 948—955, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WUMC4415
How to cite this paper:
Muhammed, I. M., Kumar, M., & Kamat, D. N. (2024). Sugarcane Yield Prediction in Bihar using Biometric Characteristics. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 948–955. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WUMC4415
This study focuses on creating predictive models for sugarcane yield in Bihar, utilizing various biometrical characteristics. The research involved collecting observations on specific plant biometrical traits from 50 farmers’ fields of Samastipur, West Champaran and East Champaran Districts of Bihar. Simple random sampling was employed for field selection. Various regression analyses were conducted to identify the optimal combination. The accuracy of the model was assessed by comparing the actual yield from 10% of the observations not used in model development with their predicted values. The results demonstrated a close resemblance, with a margin of error ranging from 5.91% to 8.36%. The forecasted sugarcane yield for Bihar, based on the proposed model, is 847.82 q/ha.
Multiple linear regression, Yield forecasting, Biometrical characters, Sugarcane yield
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Nikhil, S. K. Singh, L. K. Gangwar, Alok Kumar Mourya, Pushpendra, Aman Srivastava, Chiranjeev
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 956—960, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OHJA3376
How to cite this paper:
Nikhil, Singh, S. K., Gangwar, L. K., Mourya, A. K., Pushpendra, Srivastava, A., & Chiranjeev. (2024). Characters Study of Selection Criteria and Genetic Variability in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotype for Green Fodder Yield and Its Contributed Traits. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 956–960. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OHJA3376
The investigation entitled “Characters Study of Selection Criteria and Genetic Variability in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotype for Green Fodder Yield and Its Contributed Traits” were conducted at Crop Research Center, Modipuram, SVPUA and T, Meerut 250110 (UP) during kharif season 2019-20. Genetic variability studies were carried out for 33 sorghum genotypes during the years 2019-20. The analysis of variance revealed that there was significant amount of variation for all the ten characters. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area, stem girth, leaves per plant, leaf stem ratio, total soluble solids and green fodder yield per plant was shown to have been recognized as having high heritability value. High estimate of (phenotypic coefficient of variance and genotypic coefficient of variance) PCV and GCV were observed for plant height, leaf area and green fodder yield per plant. The genetic divergence by Tocher’s method for seed yield and it’s component traits in sorghum genotypes. On the basis of genetic divergence under study, it is suggested that the crosses between cluster IV and cluster III, cluster II and cluster V be used for an effective in hybridization breeding program. The percent contribution of ten characters towards total genetic divergence showed that green fodder yield per plant maximum contribution to divergence followed by leaf area, leaves per plant, plant height and leaf breadth and lower contribution was made by leaf length towards the divergence.
Genetic advance, Genetic variability, Heritability, Divergence, Quantitative traits.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
B.M. Bharath Kumar, K. G. Banuprakash, R. Narayana Reddy, Manjunatha Gowda
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 961—967, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UMKR9316
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, B. M. B., Banuprakash, K. G., Reddy, R. N., & Gowda, M. (2024). Performance of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (FC1 X FC2) Reared on Mulberry Raised with Foliar Applied Different Volumes of Nano Nitrogen. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 961–967. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UMKR9316
An experiment was carried out at Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru to know the effect of foliar application of different volumes of nano nitrogen on growth and yield of mulberry and its subsequent effect on silkworm Bombyx mori L. (FC1 X FC2).The study resulted in significant improvement in silkworm (FC1 x FC2), when fed with mulberry leaves raised with different volumes of nano nitrogen fertilizer. Significantly shorter fifth instar larval duration (8.67 days), higher fifth instar larval weight (36.65 g/10 larvae) and better ERR (100 %) were observed from the silkworm batches fed with leaves harvested from mulberry plants raised with foliar application of 0.4% nano nitrogen fertilizer @ 225 ltr per acre on 25th day after pruning + 50% soil application of N, which was on par with silkworm batches fed with leaves harvested from mulberry plants raised with foliar application of 0.4% nano nitrogen fertilizer @ 200 ltr per acre on 25th day after pruning + 50% soil application of N showing shorter fifth instar larval duration (8.67 days), higher fifth instar larval weight (36.07 g/10 larvae) and better ERR (100 %). The cocoon parameters of silkworm (FC1 x FC2) viz., cocoon yield by weight (22.62 kg /10,000 worms), cocoon yield by number (10,000 / 10,000 worms), cocoon weight (2.26 g), cocoon shell weight (0.50 g), pupal weight (1.77 g), cocoon shell ratio (21.90 %) and reeling parameters viz., average filament length (1280.46 m) and non-breakable filament length (1251.01 m) were significantly superior in the silkworm groups fed with leaves harvested from mulberry plants raised with foliar application of 0.4% nano nitrogen fertilizer @ 225 ltr per acre on 25th day after pruning + 50% soil application of N, which was on par with the silkworm batches fed with leaves harvested from mulberry plants raised with foliar application of 0.4% nano nitrogen fertilizer @ 200 ltr per acre on 25th day after pruning + 50% soil application of N showing cocoon yield by weight (22.50 kg /10,000 worms), cocoon yield by number (10,000 / 10,000 worms), cocoon weight (2.25 g), cocoon shell weight (0.48 g), pupal weight (1.77 g), cocoon shell ratio (21.45 %) and reeling parameters viz., average filament length (1232.10 m) and non-breakable filament length (1197.60 m).
Nano nitrogen, Mulberry, B. mori, Cocoon, Reeling parameters
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Manju Vani Valluru, B. K. Singh, Anand Kumar Singh, S.V.S. Raju, Deepak Kumar Jaiswal, Kamal Ravi Sharma
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 968—978, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DKAU4078
How to cite this paper:
Valluru, M. V., Singh, B. K., Singh, A. K., Raju, S. V. S., Jaiswal, D. K., & Sharma, K. R. (2024). Exploitation of Heterosis for Plant and Yield Characteristics in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 968–978. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DKAU4078
The present experiment was conducted in bhindi / okra to observe the extent of heterosis for eight characters of plant and fruit yield traits through diallel analysis. The characters consist of plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, node at which 1st flower appears, number of nodes on main stem, internodal length, days to 50% flowering, pod yield per plant (g) and pod yield per hectare (q/ha). The experimental material comprised of 66 F1 hybrids developed from crossing 12 okra genotypes in diallel crossing excluding reciprocals. Out of eight characters studied, plant height, number of branches per plant and number of nodes on main stem are growth determining features. They generally decide the fruit/ pod bearing surface of the okra plant. Therefore, Positive heterosis is desirable for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of nodes on main stem including fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare but negative heterosis is profitable for node at which 1st flower appears, intermodal length and days to 50% flowering. Out of 66 F1, 50, 32 and 38 hybrids showed significant heterosis positively over mid parent, better parent and standard check respectively for fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare and the highest was reported in hybrids IC-45831 ×IC-43733 subsequently IC-45831 × Pusa A-4.
Okra, Plant, Hybrids, Heterosis, Diallel cross
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
A.K. Mauriya, Mohammad Hashim, Vinod Kumar, R. B. Verma, Raghubar Sahu, R. K. Sohane
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 979—984, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YMCP7876
How to cite this paper:
Mauriya, A. K., Hashim, M., Kumar, V., Verma, R. B., Sahu, R., & Sohane, R. K. (2024). Fertility Level and Plant Densities Affect the Productivity and Profitability of Rabi Maize (Zea mays L.) in Eastern- Gangetic Plains of India. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 979–984. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YMCP7876
A field experiment was carried out in the farmer’s fields of the Bhagalpur district of Bihar during the rabi seasons of 2016–17 and 2017–18 to ascertain the impact of high fertility levels and plant geometry on the productivity and profitability of rabi maize. There were total five treatments consisting of different plant geometry and fertilizer rate. The five treatments viz.,T1– 60 × 20 cm spacing with 120:75:50 kg/ha (Farmers practice), T2– 50 × 20 cm spacing with 150:93.75:62.5 kg/ha, T3– 40 × 20 cm spacing with 150:93.75:62.5 kg/ha, T4– 50 × 20 cm spacing with 180:112.5:75 kg/ha and T5– 40 × 20 cm spacing with 180:112.5:75 kg/ha N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively were arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five replications. Polled data of two consecutive years revealed that all the higher fertility levels with reduced plant geometry produced higher yield attributes and yield of rabi maize and also sustained soil fertility as compare to the farmer’s practice. Significantly, highest cob length (19.49 cm), cob girth (12.83 cm), 1000-grain wt (305.5 g), grain yield (115.94 q/ha) and net returns of INR 101434/ha were recorded with 180 : 112.5 : 75 kg/ha N, P2O5 and K2O with the plant spacing of 50×20 cm (T4). Application of 150:93.75:62.5 kg/ha N, P2O5 and K2O at plant spacing 50 × 20 cm (T2) being at par with 180:112.5:75 kg/ha N, P2O5 and K2O with the plant spacing of 50 × 20 cm (T4) and 180:112.5:75 kg/ha N, P2O5 and K2O at plant spacing 40 × 20 cm (T5).
Economics, Fertility levels, Maize, Planting geometry, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
First Record of Amphibian Diversity from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India
Jyoti Thakur, H. S. Banyal, Navneet Kour
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 985—989, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MUIB4174
How to cite this paper:
Thakur, J., Banyal, H. S., & Kour, N. (2024). First Record of Amphibian Diversity from Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 985–989. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MUIB4174
The present research paper deals with the amphibian diversity of Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary located in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh state, India. The objective of the study includes evaluating species diversity, IUCN status, population trends, and elevation from sea level. A total of 5 amphibian species belonging to 2 families have been recorded from the sanctuary for the first time. According to IUCN, 4 species were included under the Least Concern (LC) category and only 1 species i.e. Nonorana minica was in the Near-threatened (NT) category. The population trends and elevation from sea level are also discussed.
Amphibians diversity, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi, SDWLS (Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary), The Himalayas.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Analysis of Marketing Pattern of Arecanut Grower in East Garo Hills District, Meghalaya
Symon M. Sangma, D. C. Kalita
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 990—996, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CNLH8158
How to cite this paper:
Sangma, S. M., & Kalita, D. C. (2024). Analysis of Marketing Pattern of Arecanut Grower in East Garo Hills District, Meghalaya. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 990–996. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CNLH8158
Arecanut (Areca catechu L) is one of the important cash crops in India and ranks first in terms of both area and production of arecanut in world. Meghalaya holds 4th position in the production of arecanut in India producing 51,000 tonnes in 2019. The total of 200 samples was selected for the study. The marketing channels were identified based on various intermediaries involved in the marketing process. A total of 4 marketing channels found in the study area of which Channel II (Producer – Village Trader – Whole seller – Consumer) was the most effective channel for marketing arecanut, accounting for nearly 40% of the total marketed quantity. In terms of marketing margin earned by the different marketing channel, channel III was found to be earned the highest marketing margin consists of the marketing margin earned by the wholesaler, village traders and retailer. The Producers share in Consumer’s Rupee (%) was found to be highest in Channel I. The study of arecanut marketing channels offers valuable lessons for the broader agricultural sector, suggesting pathways to enhance producer income, reduce marketing costs, and improve the overall efficiency of agricultural marketing systems.
Arecanut, Intermediaries, Marketing channel, Marketing margins, Price spread
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Unnati, Neha Dua, Rup Narayan
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 997—1005, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IWLP8823
How to cite this paper:
Unnati, Dua, N., & Narayan, R. (2024). Ecological Investigation on Plant Diversity and Soil Characteristics of Invasive Ageratum conyzoides and Introduced Eucalyptus globulus Ecosystems in an Indian Dry Tropical Region. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IWLP8823
Alien flora in urban ecosystems may have differing impacts on plant diversity and soil. In this study, vegetation and soil characteristics were investigated under the two contrasting herb layer conditions influenced by exotic invasive herb Ageratum conyzoides and introduced alien tree Eucalyptus globulus in an Indian dry tropical urban ecosystem. Phytosociological analysis of 120 randomly sampled quadrats (each of size 1m × 1m, n=60 at each site) was carried out. Nine random seasonal soil samples (0–10 cm) from both study sites were analyzed for soil pH, moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable Na, K and Calcium. A total of 82 species were recorded, representing 32 families. Poaceae and Fabaceae constituted dominant families. Cynodon dactylon dominated all sites and seasons. Number of rainy flora was comparable but varied distinctly in drier months. Alpha diversity, estimated higher at EG site in rainy season, ranked sites differently in drier months. Beta diversity, indicative of heterogeneity, was higher at AC sites in drier months in summer. Soil moisture content varied significantly with site and season. EG site recoded higher organic carbon and total nitrogen compared to AC site. In conclusion, the observed variations highlight the complex interplay of environmental factors, seasonal dynamics, and species interactions shaping plant community structure and composition and emphasize the need for further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms driving observed patterns.
Plant diversity, Beta diversity, Dry tropics, Spatio-temporal dynamics, Tropical soils.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Growth and Instability of Rabi Green Gram Production in Odisha
Shivani Kumari Pradhan, Abhiram Dash
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1006—1015, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FBIZ5522
How to cite this paper:
Pradhan, S. K., & Dash, A. (2024). Growth and Instability of Rabi Green Gram Production in Odisha. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1006–1015. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FBIZ5522
The study aims to examine the growth rate and instability patterns of green gram cultivation for rabi season in all districts of Odisha over a specified time period. The analysis focuses on three key aspects such as the area under cultivation, the total production and the yield per hectare of green gram, which would be helpful in visualising the progress of the state with regard to cultivation. The study is based on secondary data, that are collected from the various volumes of Odisha Agricultural Statistics, employs the compound growth rate and Cuddy Della instability index to assess the growth and instability of green gram cultivation. After estimating the data of twenty-four years, the districts of Odisha are grouped on the basis of growth rate and instability respectively. Further, the test of significance of difference has done in mean area, production and yield of green gram among the grouping districts classified on basis of growth rate and instability under two categories as compared to Odisha. The growth trends show for the study period of 1994-95 to 2017-18, where Kandhamal district exhibited the highest growth rate in both area and yield, while Nuapada led in terms of production. The district Sundargarh exhibits the highest area instability index, followed by Kandhamal on production and Puri on yield. As in whole state, the positive and significant trends in area and production contrasted with an insignificant growth rate in yield, primarily influenced by the interaction effect of area and production. The study identifies the districts with high growth rate and low instability, suggesting potential factors such as technological adaptation and favorable agricultural conditions with adequate irrigation facilities. This suggests the need to explore and recommend the practices of high-performing districts for wider implementation, potentially leading to increased production which contribution to the overall development and economic well-being of Odisha’s rural population.
Growth rate, Instability, Production, Significant, Rabi, Green gram.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Underpinning Plant Intelligence-A New Arena in Plant Cognition
Mousumi Das
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1016—1019, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XYFL6833
How to cite this paper:
Das, M. (2024). Underpinning Plant Intelligence-A New Arena in Plant Cognition. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1016–1019. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XYFL6833
Like other organisms plants also face crucial challenges for survival and better fitness in a wide range of ecological niches. Complex behaviors like learning, memory, information acquisition, communication, resolving problems and decision making abilities for their own benefits in an ever changing environment are also common in plants like humans and other animals. Plants sense and respond to biotic and abiotic factors of the environment to assess resources. Plants are good timekeepers as well. Without having proper brain and nervous system plants are able to interact with themselves and other organisms via chemical talking. In some plant species emissions of certain volatile chemicals during herbivore attacks are indications of social interactions. These are evidences regarding the occurrence of kin recognitions and responses in plant growth and development in complex environmental conditions. Certain species of plants show the act of mimicry. By adopting different dispersal mechanisms plant reduces parent-offspring and offspring-offspring competition. Seed-dispersal mutualism is a complex physiological interaction between plants and animals. For the last few years the relevance of plant cognition and behavioral ecology has received much attention. Collecting various sensory inputs from the surrounding environment (perception), transducing the signals within the body (cognition) and adapting various strategies plant ensures an output for better survival and reproductive fitness. All these mechanisms explore the domain of plant intelligence.
Adaptive beneficial behaviors, Cognition, Intelligence, Memory, Perception, Plasticity.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Madhavi Sonane, Sailendra Kumar, Priyanka, Anamta Rizvi, Sangeeta Saxena
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1020—1027, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BNIW3016
How to cite this paper:
Sonane, M., Kumar, S., Priyanka, Rizvi, A., & Saxena, S. (2024). Virus Infected Papaya Plants Differentially Affects Oxidative Stress and Survival in Caenorhabditis elegans. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1020–1027. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BNIW3016
Carica papaya (papaya) leaves has significant nutraceutical properties. However, it is speculated that papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) and papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) can severely affect the therapeutic properties and alter the overall nutraceutical potential of papaya leaves. Therefore, we evaluated the bioactivity of the virus infected papaya leaves extract (PLE) compared to healthy PLE in C. elegans. Viruses infection were confirmed by visual inspection and PCR based detection. Anatomical changes and elemental analysis were analyzed through SEM-EDS. PLE were tested for life span extension and ROS scavenging activity on C. elegans. Infected leaves displayed typical symptoms of curling, distortion and anatomical analysis revealed closed and less number of stomata. Healthy PLE extended (24%) the life span of C. elegans with no significant change in ROS generation while in PaLCuV and PRSV infected PLE, were observed to have significant reduction in the mean life span of 15.4% and 17% with 1.2-fold and 1.9-fold increase in ROS generation.
Caenorhabditis elegans, Carica papaya, Life span, ROS.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Neha Dua, Unnati, Rup Narayan
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1028—1035, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VPKY5590
How to cite this paper:
Dua, N., Unnati, & Narayan, R. (2024). Vegetation and Soil Dynamics : Insights from Prosopis juliflora– Intruded Areas in Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1028–1035. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VPKY5590
Ecological study on plant diversity and soil characteristics of two contrasting sites (Prosopis juliflora-invaded and non-invaded) in Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary was undertaken to understand the structure of vegetation and soils and implication of exotic dominance in a dry tropical region of India. Seasonal floristic composition was recorded for one year through monthly visits. Phytosociological study of the two sites in each of three seasons was carried out by sampling a total of 120 quadrats (each 1mx1m, n= 20×3×2). Plant species density and abundance was estimated for both sites in each season. Seasonal surface soil (0–10 cm) samples were analyzed for soil pH, moisture content, organic C, and total N. Species occurrences and their relative abundance data were used to estimate alpha and beta diversity. A total of 76 plant species from 29 families were recorded (Malvaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae being top dominants). Maximum flora was recorded in rainy season at both sites, higher at non-invaded sites in all seasons. Beta diversity followed similar trend, higher in rainy season and at non-invaded than invaded sites, highest being 13.2 at non-invaded site in rainy season. Dominants changed with site and season. Vegetation patches were distinct in drier seasons compared to rainy months. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and C : N ratios were high at invaded sites compared to non-invaded sites except in summer season. While higher diversity and higher similarity amongst different sites in rainy season indicated a homogenization impact in Indian dry tropical regions, higher diversity at non-invaded site suggested implication of diversity-reducing impact of tree invader Prosopis juliflora.
Plant invasion, Dry tropics, Alpha and beta diversity, Invasive species.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Priyanka, Anas Hussain, Md Tanveer Anwar, Monica Sharma, Sangeeta Saxena
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1036—1043, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YLIH9640
How to cite this paper:
Priyanka, Hussain, A., Anwar, M. T., Sharma, M., & Saxena, S. (2024). Designing of an Innovative Multiplex Model to Control Insects/Pests (Whitefly) in Okra Crop Fields and Assessment for its Efficacy in Control Viral Diseases. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1036–1043. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YLIH9640
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) destroys a great proportion of crops in India. Whitefly is the carrier of begomovirus which causes okra yellow vein mosaic viral disease. Preventing the pest infestation without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is the need of the hour. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) involves strategies that maintain pest population below Economic Injury Level (EIL). In the present study a multiplex insect catching trap was constructed with the aim of controlling pest infestation in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner. The multiplex trap was prepared using yellow sticky papers and Methyl Eugenol pheromone as an insect/pest attractant. The traps were placed in field and thereafter plants were tested for the presence of viral DNA using PCR. The fields in which traps were placed showed negligible or few instances of viral infection while the fields in which no traps were placed showed considerable virus infection. Additionally, the fields with the trap showed a higher yield percentage of crop compared to the field with no trap.
Whitefly, Methyl eugenol, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Yellow trap, Okra yellow vein mosaic.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Agricultural Scenario of Nepal: Growth Performance and Swot Analysis
Sudhan Bhusal, Raju R., Nithyashree M. L., Harish Kumar H.V.
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1044—1054, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CBGK5372
How to cite this paper:
Bhusal, S., Raju, R., Nithyashree, M. L., & Harish, K. H. V. (2024). Agricultural Scenario of Nepal: Growth Performance and Swot Analysis. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1044–1054. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CBGK5372
This study aimed to determine the performance of agriculture sector in Nepal which would help in formulating better policies for its improvement. The study estimated the growth and instability for the period 2001-02 to 2020-21, dividing it into two periods, period-I (2001-02 to 2010-11) and period-II (2011-12 to 2020-21). The growth and instability analysis indicated that the growth of production of almost all crops were increased during period-II. Oilseeds showed the highest increase in production with growth rate of 6.26%, whereas millet and coffee showed decreasing rate of production in period-II. The area under wheat and millet decreased drastically in period-II. Although instability in area increased in period-II for almost all the crops, tea experienced highest increase. Instability in coffee production decreased from 41.85% in period-I to 15.92% in period-II, highest among selected crops. The instabilities in production were due to natural calamities, lesser and untimely availability of inputs, less priority in the research sector for minor crops and so on. Livestock subsector has been performing well as compared to the crop sector. Prioritization by the government and wide climatic conditions are the major strengths of the sector whereas unavailability of inputs in time and lack of investment frameworks are the weaknesses. Farm mechanization, topography and agri-tourism are some opportunities and climate change, fragmentation of arable land, brain-drain are the threats to this sector in Nepal. The major focus of the government should be on utilizing the rural labor force on agriculture sector through different schemes such as effective crop and livestock insurance, timely supply of demanded inputs and proper extension services.
Agriculture sector performance, Instability, Growth, SWOT analysis.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Susmita Chakraborty, A. K. Chaurasiya
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1055—1059, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RVTT9341
How to cite this paper:
Chakraborty, S., & Chaurasiya, A. K. (2024). Genetic Divergence Studies of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (MOL.) STANDL.) in Garo Hills Region of Meghalaya. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1055–1059. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RVTT9341
The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, North Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Chasingre, Meghalaya, India during 2019 in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Genetic divergence was assessed among thirty indegenous genotypes of bottle gourd for thirty-three quantitative characters using Mahalanobis’ D2 statistics. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Maximum number of genotypes including seven genotypes was grouped in cluster IV (GHA-30, GHA-8, GHA-21, GHA-20, GHA-23, GHA-29 and GHA-25). Maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster I and cluster III (10.940) and minimum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster VII and cluster VI (7.425). Cluster IV showed highest cluster mean for maximum characters namely, number of primary branches (30.83), number of marketable fruit harvest (4.60), fruit width (15.24), fruit weight (3005.65), number of fruits per plant (17.92), total carbohydrate % (2.73), calcium mg/100g (11.95), yield of marketable fruits kg/plant (54.20) and yield t/ha (135.50). Cluster VII exhibited highest mean for five characters namely, vine length (461.93), days to last fruit harvest (158.77), number of leaves (217.13), seed length-breadth ratio (2.41) and ascorbic acid (9.55). Cluster I and Cluster II exhibited highest mean for five characters, sex ratio (0.74), number of seeds per fruit (449.65), 100 seed weight (13.43), total soluble protein % (0.95) and total phenols % (44.04). In the present study it was found that Cluster I (GHA-4, GHA-2, GHA-5 and GHA-1) was highly divergent from all other genotypes.
Bottle gourd, Genetic divergence, D2 statistic, Genotypes, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Gosh S., Debnath A., Bandyopadhyay S., Bhattacharya P. M.
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1060—1068, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JRXW3511
How to cite this paper:
Gosh, S., Debnath, A., Bandyopadhyay, S., & Bhattacharya, P. M. (2024). Identification and Evaluation of Antagonistic Potential of Different Fluorescent Pseudomonads in Northern Plains of West Bengal. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1060–1068. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JRXW3511
To achieve future food security, reliable crop protection will be critically important. Development of biological control for soil borne disease is accepted as a safe, durable and ecofriendly alternative for chemical management strategy. Pseudomonads possess many traits like production antibiotics, lytic enzymes, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) that make them well suited as biocontrol and growth-promoting agents. An attempt was taken to isolate and identify different fluorescent Pseudomonads and to evaluate their antagonistic ability. Twelve fluorescent Pseudomonads isolates were collected from different crop rhizosphere from different locations of northern parts of West Bengal. Isolates characterized morphologically and biochemically. All the isolates were gram negative rods with smooth and glossy colony on kings B and nutrient agar medium with convex elevation but variation was found in respect to pigment production. A huge variation was found in respect to biochemical characterization. From the result of biochemical analysis, the isolated sp. can be identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens or Pseudomonas putida or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the isolate produce green, some isolates produce yellowish green and rest of them produce red/pink pigments. Isolates showed a huge variation in respect to pathogenicity against soil borne pathogen Slerotium rolfsii. Percent inhibition varied from 31 to 74 %. Isolate 3 and 8 can be efficient biocontrol agent as highest growth inhibition of the pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii was obtained by the isolate 8 (74.37%) followed by isolate 3 (63.15%). In respect to growth parameter isolate 8, 9 and 10 were found better among the isolates where as in respect to disease reduction isolate 3, 8, 9 and 11 were promising under in vivo study.
Fluorescent, Pseudomonads, Slerotium rolfsii, Antagonistic, Characterization.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Vinay Kumar, Sherab Dolma, Nasreen Fatima
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1069—1078, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LBMW6544
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, V., Dolma, S., & Fatima, N. (2024). An Autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicle: A Technology Driven Approach for Spraying Agrochemicals in Agricultural Crops. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1069–1078. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LBMW6544
The application of chemicals through spraying is an essential component of agricultural management systems. However, the use of these chemical products results in the accumulation of residues in the soil, leading to a decline in soil fertility and plant diversity. Additionally, farmers who manually spray pesticides onto their crop fields are at risk of developing health issues such as tumors, hypersensitivity, allergies, and skin diseases. As the global population continues to grow and climate change impacts farmland ecosystems, the occurrence of pest epidemics in crops is becoming more frequent. Consequently, there is a greater demand for enhanced tools and methods to improve crop production. Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have the potential to revolutionize agricultural spraying by offering efficient and effective applications of crop protection agrochemicals. This article provides an overview and consolidation of the present research and advancements in UGV application technologies and different sensors that are specifically designed for spray applications of agrichemicals. It examines the features of both hardware and software architecture for implementing control strategies, obstacle detection, and avoidance systems with real-time integrated systems, and the ability to perform variable-rate agrochemical applications.
UGVs, Autonomous vehicles, Smart spraying technology, Vision sensors, Robotic agriculture, Artificial intelligence, Arduino uno.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Jyoti Verma, Sushma Sharma
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1079—1082, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CMME2851
How to cite this paper:
Verma, J., & Sharma, S. (2024). Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Cypermethrin (25% EC) in Adults of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758). Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1079–1082. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CMME2851
The present study attempted to determine the acute toxicity and medial lethal concentrations of Cypermethrin (25% EC) for common carp Cyprinus carpio using Finney’s static bioassay (1971), probit analysis method. The LC50 values for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr were found to be 3.962 µl Lit-1, 3.767 µl Lit-1, 3.349 µl Lit-1 and 2.924 µl Lit-1 respectively. Fish (weight 90–100 g, length up to 18±2 cm) were exposed to different concentrations of cypermethrin which were 1.5 µl Lit-1, 2.0 µl Lit-1, 2.5 µl Lit-1, 3.0 µl Lit-1, 3.5 µl Lit-1, 4.0 µl Lit-1 and 4.5 µl Lit-1 up to 96 hr. LC50 value decreases with an increase in exposure time. During this exposure period, abnormal behaviors like restlessness, hyperactivity, erratic movements, increased opercular movements, and loss of equilibrium and response were noticed in carp. Over secretion of mucous all over the body surface along with respiratory stress and mortality was also observed.
Probit analysis, Cyprinus carpio, Cypermethrin, LC50, Finney’s bioassay.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Vivek Tripathi, Akhilesh Kumar, Smita Singh, R. K. Tiwari, S. K. Tripathi
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1083—1088, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DBLE7869
How to cite this paper:
Tripathi, V., Kumar, A., Singh, S., Tiwari, R. K., & Tripathi, S. K. (2024). Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect Pest of Chickpea and their Natural Enemies in Vindhaya Region of Madhya Prades. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1083–1088. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DBLE7869
Field experiment carried out at the Entomology Instructional Farm, JNKVV-College of Agriculture Rewa, MP during rabi season 2018-19 revealed that incidence of the chickpea pod borer Helicoverpa armigera. Population range of pod borer during different weather weeks varied between 0.30 and 1.89 larvae/mrl (April 2nd week and March 2nd week respectively). Peak larval population of Helicoverpa armigera was recorded in 2nd week of March (11 standard weeks). A weak negative correlation was observed with the maximum relative humidity and minimum relative humidity correlation, -0.172 and -0.595 respectively and a non significant positive correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall. The respective r was found to be 0.306, 0.391 and 0.269. In district Rewa, MP, India the insect-pests of chickpea and their natural enemies during rabi the total seven species was recorded in Chickpea in which six pests minor in nature and one major pest Chickpea pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera). Termite (Odontotermes obesus Ram.), White grub (Holotrichia consanguinea Bl.), Black aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch), Grasshopper (Chrotogonus trachypterus Blan.), Semilooper (Autographa nigrisigna L.), Cut worm (Agrotis ipsilon Huf.) are minor in nature. Seven natural enemies found during field investigation i.e. lady bird beetle (Chilomenes sexmaculata Fab.), lady bird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata L.), Praying mantis (Mantis religiosa), Dragon fly (Crocothemis servilia Drury), Campoletis parasitoid (Campoletis chlorideae Uch.), Indian mynah (Acridotheris tristis L.), King crow (Dicrurus macrocerus Vie.) in chickpea observed in low to medium population on the crop and to help in reduction of pest population.
Chickpea, Helicoverpa armigera, Insect pests, Biotic, Abiotic factors.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Arpitha S., Sridhar R., Sudharani N., Madaiah D., M. Dinesh Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1089—1093, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/USXM7323
How to cite this paper:
Arpitha, S., Sridhar, R., Sudharani, N., Madaiah, D., & Kumar, M. D. (2024). Influence of Bio-stimulants on the Yield Attributes, Peel and Pulp Color of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv Mallika under Central Dry Zone of Karnataka. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1089–1093. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/USXM7323
The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is considered the ‘King of fruits’ and found to be economically important due to its excellent fruit quality, despite having good fruit quality characteristics, it is associated with production constraints such as low initial fruit set, heavy fruit drops, undersized fruit and improper fruit color development. On the other hand, bio-stimulants play an important role in improving the productivity and quality of fruits. In the present study, four biostimulants viz., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids and triacontanol, were sprayed at intervals of 70 and 90 days after anthesis at two different concentrations with four replications. Among the treatments, triacontanol @ 10 ppm (T9) showed a significant difference in yield parameters and recorded maximum average fruit weight (571.98 g), fruit length (17.53 cm), fruit diameter (92.38 cm), fruit volume (723.75 cc), pulp weight (435.91 g), pulp percentage (76.24), number of fruits (75.25), yield per tree (41.31 kg) in comparison to control. However, salicylic acid @ 150 ppm (T5) showed the highest colorimeter coordinates L*, a*, b*, C* and hº for both pulp and peel color. The study concludes the use of phytohormones enhances the fruit development and quality parameters of mango cv Mallika under the central dry zone of Karnataka.
Mango, Mallika, Bio-stimulants, Fruit color, Yield attributes.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Gokul Krishnan K. B., Vishal Mehta
Environment and Ecology 42 (3) : 1094—1103, July—September 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HBBD7086
How to cite this paper:
Gokul, K. K. B., & Mehta, V. (2024). Comparison Study on Modelling and Prediction of Weather Parameters Combining Exponential Smoothing and Artificial Neural Network Models in Different Zones of Kerala. Environment and Ecology, 42(3), 1094–1103. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HBBD7086
Prediction of weather parameters with maximum precision is the main objective faced by different climatologists all over the world. The researchers devised a number of ways for performing weather parameter predictions. For modelling and prediction of weather parameters, exponential smoothing (ETS), artificial neural networks (ANN) and ETS-ANN hybrid models were employed for the northern, central and southern zones of Kerala. The weather parameters used in the study are relative humidity and wind speed. The monthly data were collected for the northern and central zones, for a period of 39 years (1982-2020), whereas for the southern zone it was for a period of 36 years (1985-2020). The result suggested that the best fitted model for relative humidity was the ANN for the central and southern zones whereas for northern zone it was the ETS model. The accuracy of the model was calculated using MSE, RMSE, MAE, MAPE and R2 values. The ETS performed best in all three zones of Kerala when it came to wind speed. The study also advocated that traditional model ETS and ANN is performing better compared to the newly developed hybrid model in prediction of weather parameters. The best model chosen for weather parameters of three different zones are used to forecast for the next five years.
ANN (Artificial Neural Networks), ETS (Exponential Smoothing), ETS-ANN, Northern zone, Central zone, Southern zone.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International