Volume 41(4D) 2023
Performance of Mungbean in Response to Zinc and Iron through Agronomic Mechanism of Biofortification
B. C. Dhayal, U. N. Shukla, Sita Ram Kumhar, Ummed Singh, M. M. Kumawat, H. P. Prewa, R. C. Meena
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 2965—2974, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PZST7163
How to cite this paper:
Dhayal, B. C., Shukla, U. N., Kumhar, S. R., Singh, U., Kumawat, M. M., Prewa, H. P., & Meena, R. C. (2023). Performance of Mungbean in Response to Zinc and Iron through Agronomic Mechanism of Biofortification. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 2965–2974. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PZST7163
A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur in kharif season during 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of agronomic biofortification of zinc and iron on growth, yield and quality of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, comprised with two varieties namely GM-7 and MH-421 and three treatments of foliar spray of iron (Fe) and urea in main-plots and four treatments included seed inoculation by zinc solubilizing bacteria with soil application of zinc (Zn) in a combinations were assigned to sub-plots. In this way, the experiment had twenty four treatment combinations were replicated thrice. Mung bean variety ‘MH-421’ had performed prominently with respect to all growth and yield parameters, while taller height was recorded under variety ‘GM-7’ during both the years as well as pooled basis of experimentations. Biofortified treatment of iron with urea spray and zinc significantly higher growth and yield attributes were recorded under treatment foliar spray of 0.5% Fe + 2% urea at flower initiation and pod formation stages and seed inoculation with ZSB + soil application of higher dose of zinc sulphate i.e. ZSB (SI) + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha, which remained at par with foliar spray of 0.5% Fe + 2% urea at flower initiation stage and ZSB (SI) + 20 kg ZnSO4/ha at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest stage of mungbean, respectively.
Foliar spray, Iron sulphate, Zinc sulphate, Zinc solubilizing bacteria, Yield
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 
Dayanand Kumbar, Ajay Kumar Sharma, G. S. Tiwari, A. K. Mehta, M. S. Khidiya
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 2975—2981, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/URZN5772
How to cite this paper:
Kumbar, D., Sharma, A. K., Tiwari, G. S., Mehta, A. K., & Khidiya, M. S. (2023). Determination of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Garlic Cloves to Develop Cup Type Metering Mechanism for Battery Operated Garlic Clove Planter. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 2975–2981. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/URZN5772
This study was conducted to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of garlic cloves (Allium sativum L.). Garlic variety of G-282 was selected for the study to develop cup type clove metering mechanism for battery operated garlic clove planter. Knowledge of physical properties of garlic clove are very important for development of machinery. Hence, study was conducted to determine physical properties of garlic variety of G-282. The average length, width, thickness, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter of garlic cloves were 27.80, 12.73, 9.45, 14.96 mm and 16.66 mm2, respectively. The average of the bulk density, sphericity, aspect ratio and surface area of garlic cloves were 481.74 kg/m3, 0.52, 0.46 and 702.71 mm2, respectively. The average moisture content (wb), angle of repose and coefficient of static friction were 49.03%, 41.37° and 0.32, respectively. These physical and mechanical properties of garlic are very essential for designing a garlic clove metering mechanism as well as garlic planter.
Garlic clove, Metering mechanism, Physical properties of garlic clove.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Truptimayee Pattnaik, Prava Kiran Dash, Antaryami Mishra, Subhashis Saren, Amit Phonglosa, Moruboyina Aditya Kishore
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 2982—2988, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KOWD4237
How to cite this paper:
Pattnaik, T., Dash, P. K., Mishra, A., Saren, S., Phonglosa, A., & Kishore, M. A. (2023). Vertical Distribution of Available Plant Nutrients in Soils of Mid-Central Tableland Agro-climatic Zone of Odisha, India. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 2982–2988. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KOWD4237
Study on the vertical distribution of plant nutrients is very essential for improving crop production and productivity rather than studying the nutrient characteristics of the surface soil only. It is because many plants absorb nutrients from the subsoil. Moreover, the vertical distribution of nutrients is much more complex because of the many simultaneous processes going on in the soils such as recycling of the plant residues, leaching of nutrients, and weathering of parent materials. In this context, two pedons located in pedons in two different land types(upland and low land) of Dhenkanal district of the Mid-Central Tableland argo-climatic zone of Odisha were selected for studying the depth-wise vertical distribution of plant nutrients. Genetic horizon-wise soil samples were collected, processed, and analyzed for different soil properties viz., textural class (sand, silt, clay), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and boron (B) content. The results indicated that there was a gradual decrease in the concentration of SOC, available N, P and S with soil depth. Whereas soil reaction (pH), EC and available K content increased with soil depth. Therefore, surface soils were observed to be more fertile but acidic, whereas the sub-soils were of higher pH. The findings of this study will be helpful for the scientific as well as the farming community for suggesting and uptaking suitable crop and land use plans for sustainable agricultural and land use management.
Soil horizons, Profile, Dhenkanal, Nutrient distribution, Crop productivity, Land use management.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Akhilraj B. C., Raghul S.
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) :2989—2996, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UMEK8872
How to cite this paper:
Akhilraj, B. C., & Raghul, S. (2023). An Evaluation of Impact of Precision Farming on the Production of Medicinal as well as Aromatic Crops. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 2989–2996. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UMEK8872
Precision site-specific crop methods of production have grown increasingly popular in countries with modern agriculture. It is not unexpected that adopting precise approaches is now necessary in the cultivation of therapeutic crops. Therapeutic herbs, also referred to as herbal drugs, have been discovered and used by humans in conventional medical treatments since ancient times. Many chemical compounds are produced by plants for a variety of purposes, including defence and protection against herbivorus animals, fungus, insects, and illnesses. While aromatic plants are utilized for their scent and flavor, medicinal plants are often those that are employed in modern and traditional medicine. Although smart farming as well as agriculture in aromatic and herbal plants have been studied, little has been published despite precision agriculture’s long history and recent significant proliferation throughout the agriculture and scientific communities. The use of this novel approach and innovation can only be effective if it promotes ecological preservation and sustainable production. It’s interesting to note that this later area is more advanced than modern (precision) plant production methods while examining both seasonal and permanent woodland plants, as well as when describing interplant interaction. It is possible to discover new techniques for using sensor networks in ecological studies from the study of therapeutic plants. The chapter discusses the potential applications of hand-harvesting and precision crop production technology devoted to the growing of therapeutic herbs.
Medicinal plants, Aromatic crops, Precision farming, GIS, GPS, Remote sensing
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Saravanan T., Thangavel P., Johnny Subakar Ivin J.
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 2997—3004, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DPUW6113
How to cite this paper:
Saravanan, T., Thangavel, P., & Johnny, S. I. J. (2023). Estimation of Genetic Variability and Correlation Coefficients of Different Salinity Levels in Mungbean Genotypes. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 2997–3004. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DPUW6113
For this study eight mungbean genotypes viz., ADT 2, BM-2002-1, ML 5, AKM 4, Vishal, Vamban, TARM 1 and Utkarsh were used. Observation were taken on seven seedling characters and 7 quantitative characters. Statistical analysis of the seedling and quantitative characters showed that the PCV was higher than that of GCV for all the characters studied. Highest GCV and PCV were expressed by seedling shoot dry weight at 6 dSm-1 salinity level followed by seedling shoot fresh weight at 6 dSm-1, indicating that variation among the genotypes was highest for these traits. The PCV and GCV values were lowest in germination percentage followed by the shoot length at control. Among the growth characters heritability (broad sense) was found to range from 41.57 % to 100 % in control, while in salinity levels broad sense heritability ranged from 50 % to 100 %. Under control, heritability was high for all characters except for germination percentage, shoot length and plant height. While in salinity condition, it was high for all characters except for number of pods/plant at 6 dsm-1 salinity level. The genetic advance was high in nature only for the germination percentage whereas, the remaining character revealed low GA estimates. The maximum genetic advance in percent of mean (GAMP) was obtained for seedling shoot dry weight followed by seedling root dry weight at 6 dsm-1 and the lowest was for plant height followed by germination percentage at control. The study revealed that all the 14 characters were positively correlated with each other. For all the characters, the genotypic correlation was at higher level than the phenotypic correlation. Four elite genotypes were found to be superior based on the mean performance namely Utkarsh, TARM 1, Vamban and Vishal among the various levels of salinity.
Genetic correlation, morphological traits, Heritability, Salinity score, Genetic divergence
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Balagoni Maruthi, A. Kiran Kumar, D. Vijaya
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3005—3009, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FVSA7433
How to cite this paper:
Maruthi, B., Kumar, A. K., & Vijaya, D. (2023). Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on Nutrient Content (N, P, and K) and Nutrient Uptake (N, P, and K) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) cv Arka Anamika. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3005–3009. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FVSA7433
The current investigation, designated “Influence of integrated nutrient management on nutrient content (N, P, and K) and nutrient uptake (N, P, and K) of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) cv Arka Anamika” took place from July to November 2019 at the College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University. The trial was employed in Randomized Block Design, with ten treatments replicated three times. The investigation revealed that the administration of 75% RDF + 12.5% RDN through FYM + 12.5% RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter + Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) i.e. T7 substantially boosted the quantities of N, P, and K content in the bhindi pod (2.41, 0.67, and 1.9% correspondingly) and the plant (1.9, 0.24, and 1.3% accordingly). Furthermore, treatment T7 displayed substantially greater overall uptakes of N (63.41 kg/ha), P2O5 (11.38 kg/ha), and K2O (44.92 kg/ha) in comparison with the remaining treatments.
Okra, INM, Uptake, RDF, Nutrient content, NPK
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Principal Component Analysis of Promising Advance Chickpea Lines (Cicer arietinum L.)
Niyati Jain, Anita Babbar, Shivangi Rahangdale
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3010—3014, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FWZP3528
How to cite this paper:
Jain, N., Babbar, A., & Rahangdale, S. (2023). Principal Component Analysis of Promising Advance Chickpea Lines (Cicer arietinum L.). Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3010–3014. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FWZP3528
An experiment was conducted to evaluate 30 promising chickpea genotypes grown in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications during rabi 2018-19. Observation were recorded on 15 traits viz., days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, days pod initiation, days to maturity, plant height (cm), stem height at first fruiting node (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and seed yield per plant (g) and showed that out of 15, only 6 principal components (PCs) displayed more than 1 Eigen values and demonstrated approximately 86.7% variation in the attributes under investigation. The genotypes from PC1 will be given due importance because it accounted for 28.6 % of total variability. The genotypes viz; JG 63 × JG 4958, ( JG 74 × JG 315 ) – 14, ICC 96029 × ICC 11551, JG 24, JG 11 × JG 14 , ICCV 15119 , ICC 552241 × JG 11, JG 11 × RVSSG-1 highest positive PC values for yield related traits. Thus, these genotypes can be utilized in chickpea improvement program.
Chickpea, Gram, Principal component analysis.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Cultural Characteristics of Phylloplane Fungi and Leaf Spot Pathogens Isolated from Cajanus cajan
Sravani Gogisetty, Mihira Kumara Mishra, Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3015—3021, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/AQPB4877
How to cite this paper:
Gogisetty, S., Mishra, M. K., & Mishra, P. R. (2023). Cultural Characteristics of Phylloplane Fungi and Leaf Spot Pathogens Isolated from Cajanus cajan. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3015–3021. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/AQPB4877
Four different isolates of fungi were discovered from the phylloplane of Arhar. They were recognized and identified to be Fusarium solani, Paecilomyces marquandii, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Similarly, from the diseased leaves of Arhar two pathogens were isolated, characterized and identified to be Curvularia lunata and Sterile. These fungal isolates were cultivated on seven different culture media viz., Czapek’s Dox Agar, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Oat Meal Agar, Rose Bengal Agar, Richard’s Synthetic Agar, Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar and Malt Extract Agar. Right after seven days of incubation at 250C, the mycelial growth rate, colony character and sporulation patterns of these fungi were evaluated. The type of growth media utilized had a significant impact on the diameter, cultural traits and sporulation of a few selected test fungi. On PDA and Richard’s synthetic agar media, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger and Curvularia lunata recorded the superlative radial growth. In PDA and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar Aspergillus flavus and Sterile recorded the highest growth. Paecilomyces marquandii recorded the maximal radial growth in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar.
Arhar, Cultural characters, Different growth media, Leaf spot pathogens, Phylloplane fungi.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Ravivarma D., Ch. Bhargavi, M. Manasa, G. Vaishnavi, K. Chandramohan
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3022—3028, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MQYN5408
How to cite this paper:
Ravivarma, D., Bhargavi, Ch., Manasa, M., Vaishnavi, G., & Chandramohan, K. (2023). Morphology, Pharmacognosy of Strychnos nux-vomica and S. potatorum and their Medicinal Importance in Traditional Systems: A Review. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3022–3028. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MQYN5408
The species Strychnos nux-vomica and Strychnos potatorum Linn., which belong to the Loganiaceae family, are used in traditional medicine to treat gonorrhoea, leukorrhea, gastropathy, bronchitis, chronic diarrhoea, dysentery, renal and vesicle calculi, diabetes, conjunctivitis, scleritis, ulcers, and other eye diseases. This medicinal species has been highlighted in an effort through pharmacological and phytochemical research. The morphology, phenology, distribution, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological screening of Strychnos potatorum and nux-vomica, two significant medicinal plants, are the subjects of the current review. The gathered data may serve as the foundation for its widespread application as a therapeutic agent in both conventional and alternative medicine.
Pharmacological, Phytochemical, Strychnos nux-vomica, Strychnos potatorum
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Mrutyunjay V. Matti, Channabasappa P. Mallapur
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3029—3032, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/GRWB9739
How to cite this paper:
Matti, M. V., & Mallapur, C. P. (2023). Status of Natural Enemies and Entomopathogens on New Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Maize Ecosystem in Indian Subcontinent. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3029–3032. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/GRWB9739
The pests’ natural enemies were explored by collecting FAW eggs and larvae from maize fields. The survey also revealed natural parasitism by egg parasitoids viz., Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), gregarious larval parasitoid Glyptapanteles creatonoti (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) solitary larval parasitoid Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and a solitary indeterminate larval-pupal (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) parasitoid. Spodoptera frugiperda is the first host record for G. creatonoti across the globe. The parasitiods were raised in the laboratory for emergence, recognition and effectiveness as natural enemies. Cotesia or Apanteles spp. were concluded to occur since emerged. Besides these, other commonly found bioagents viz., Forficula sp. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson was also collected in large numbers. Therefore, the occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda natural enemies in India represents for advocacy campaign to include their use into IPM strategies that enhance and permit bio agents to boom for control of fall armyworm.
Natural enemy, Entomopathogen, Maize, Spodoptera frugiperda, Invasive pest, Predator, Parasitoid.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
S. S. Dash, S. K. Nayak, A. Dhal
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3033—3042, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VVLG2803
How to cite this paper:
Dash, S. S., Nayak, S. K., & Dhal, A. (2023). Biodiversity and Succession of Insects of Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) During rabi in the Western Undulating Zone of Odisha. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3033–3042. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VVLG2803
The field experiment was conducted to study about insect biodiversity and their succession in blackgram crop at the crop research farm, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhawanipatna during rabi 21. Twenty seven insects belong to seven orders and twenty two families were recorded during different growth stages of crop in an overlapping manner. Beside the insects twelve numbers of predators, three numbers of parasitoids and two pollinators were also noticed. The highest diversity index and evenness of insects were recorded at 42 SMW (0.902 and 1.000) followed by 50 SMW (0.833 and 0.710) respectively. The diversity of insects was almost uniform because of the evenness of the species. The insect order homoptera and the insect white fly came under superdominant class of dominance during all the growth stages of crop, whereas coleoptera and hemiptera were categorized under sub-dominant class at vegetative stage and flowering to podding stage of crop growth respectively. The insect orders hemiptera, coleoptera, diptera and hymenoptera and the insects i.e., galerucid beetle, jassid, stem fly, aphids and thrips came under recedent class of dominance. The relative abundance and dominant status of insect’s revealed that the maximum numbers of insects were belongs to orders homoptera (75.22%) followed by hemiptera (7.92%), coleoptera (6.30%), diptera (4.62%), hymenoptera (4.05%), orthoptera (0.89%), lepidoptera (0.86%) and odonata (0.09%).Chrysomelid beetles were noticed first during the early vegetative stage of crop followed by stem fly, white fly, leaf webber and semiloopers at the vegetative stage, tobacco caterpillar from late vegetative to pod filling stage, thrips in flowering stage, pod borers, pod bugs, aphids, pentatomid bugs and bihar hairy caterpillar from flowering to crop maturity stage and the pod fly and pod wasp from pod filling to pod maturity stage of the crop. Jassids, grasshoppers and predators like spiders, coccinellids beetles and parasitoids were appeared from mid vegetative stage and continued till fag end of the crop. The peak activities of insects were recorded from flowering to pod maturity stage of the crop.
Blackgram, Insect pests, Biodiversity, Pest succession.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Dipankar Jana, Smaranika Mohanta, Subhrajyoti Chatterjee, Arvind T., Preety Behera
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3043—3048, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FAER3114
How to cite this paper:
Jana, D., Mohanta, S., Chatterjee, S., Arvind, T., & Behera, P. (2023). Evaluation of Planting Dates and Varieties of Pole Type French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Southern Odisha. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3043–3048. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FAER3114
For any crop production, the time for sowing seeds and different promising varieties is important for economical yield. Suitable varieties availability is a major lacking factor as a pole type French bean cultivation in Odisha during off-time. Very little information is available on different aspects of pole type cultivation of French bean cultivation in the Southern part of Odisha. The present investigation was conducted at Post Graduate Research Farm, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha during early rabi 2022. The experiment was carried out the for the performance study of four different planting dates (3rd September, 18th September, 2nd October and 17th October) and five French bean varieties (Ayoka-427, Gloria, Akamsha, Raikia Bean, Moraleda) in Split Plot Design with three replications. The result of the experiment revealed the effect of planting dates in the highest plant height, minimum days took to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, maximum primary branch number, number of green pods per cluster, number of green pods per plant, average green pod weight, green pod length, pod width, pod yield per plant and green pod yield per hectare was observed on 17th October which was noted statistically similar or followed by the planting date 2nd October. Among the varieties, Ayoka-427 and Raikia Bean excelled in other varieties in different growth parameters, flowering, yield and yield attributes. Hence it can be concluded that Ayoka-427 and Raikia Bean may be suggested to the farmers to cultivate in October month under the Southern part of Odisha.
Pole type, French bean, Planting dates, Varieties, Growth, Flowering, Yield
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Akanksha, Gurpiar Singh, Navjot Singh Dhillon, Lalit Kumar Verma
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3049—3053, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OJIR6814
How to cite this paper:
Akanksha, Singh, G., Dhillon, N. S., & Verma, L. K. (2023). Impact of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) under Open and Protected Environment. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3049–3053. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OJIR6814
A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar during the year 2020-21. Ten treatments with three replications were designed in a Factorial Randomized Block Design to conduct the research. The obtained results showed the significant synergistic effect of environmental conditions and nitrogen doses on the growth, yield and quality of broccoli as compared to the control. Better vegetative and yield characters were observed in the protected environment with a 125% nitrogen application, while the utmost quality was observed under the protected environment with a 100% nitrogen application, and control recorded the poorest result of all.
Broccoli, Environmental conditions, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Yield and quality
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Jaspreet Kaur, Gurleen Kaur, Kavita Bajaj, Akashdeep Singh, Rajandeep Singh, Navdeep Kaur
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3054—3059, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RSBH9279
How to cite this paper:
Kaur, J., Kaur, G., Bajaj, K., Singh, A., Singh, R., & Kaur, N. (2023). Effect of Indigenous Bee Attractants on Bee Visitation and Seed Production of Sesame (Sesamum indicum Linnaeus). Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3054–3059. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RSBH9279
An experiment to determine the effect of various bee attractants on bee visitation and quantitative parameters in sesame crops was conducted during the kharif season in Amritsar, Punjab. The 10% concentration of each bee attractant (honey solution, jaggary solution, sugar solution, sugar+jaggary solution, and glucon-D+milk powder) was sprayed twice at 10 and 50% flowering of the crop, and bee visitation (no. of bees/5 minutes/m2 area) was recorded three times a day at 0800, 1100 and 1400 hrs. After the first spray, a gradual increase in bee visitation was recorded from 1st to 5th day of observation, whereas after the second spray, bee visitation increased till 2nd day followed by a steady decline afterwards. The bee species, including Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata and Megachile lanata, were observed at a maximum on plots sprayed with honey solution (4.49±0.49, 3.91±0.39, 3.17±0.28, 3.59±0.25 bees/m2/5 min, respectively), followed by jaggary solution, sugar solution, sugar+jaggary solution, and glucon-D+milk powder. Among the quantitative parameters, the maximum number of capsules per plant (141.86±0.93), seeds per capsule (68.80±0.15), test weight (4.22±0.12 g), and seed yield (5.99 q/ha) were recorded with honey solution.
Sesame, Bee attractants, Honey solution, Bee visitation, Quantitative parameters.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Greetty Williams, Y. Anbuselvam
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3060—3065, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YLSS4838
How to cite this paper:
Williams, G., & Anbuselvam, Y. (2023). Assessment of Genetic Divergence through Principal Component Analysis and Clustering in Tomato Germplasm Accessions. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3060–3065. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YLSS4838
The base material of this study comprises of 104 tomato accessions including local landraces, varieties and germplasm collections. The collected tomato accessions were evaluated using 13 quantitative traits by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchial clustering. PCA was done to quantify diversity among the germplasm accessions and also the contribution of individual traits towards diversity. In our study, only the first four (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) of the thirteen principal components yielded eigen value more than one indicating the greater influence of identified traits under study. The first six PCs accounts for 84% of variability whereas, PC1 exhibited 41% of total variability. Cluster analysis aids to classify the genotypes based on the grouping pattern of the accessions under evaluation. According to the dendrogram obtained, cluster analysis grouped 104 tomato accessions into two significant clusters. The first cluster consists of 16 genotypes whereas, the second cluster consists of 88 genotypes. Among the genotypes used in this study EC617055, EC617061, EC638302, Periakulam local and EC631390 were found to be best performing in terms of yield and quality. These accessions can be used as a base material in future breeding programs.
Clustering, Diversity, Germplasm, Principal component analysis, Variability.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Neha Chauhan, M. S. Negi
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3066—3076, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CZBM6874
How to cite this paper:
Chauhan, N., & Negi, M. S. (2023). Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones Utilising Geospatial Multi Criteria Technique in Jakholi Block of a Himalayan District, Rudraprayag, India. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3066–3076. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CZBM6874
Groundwater mapping is critical for satisfying people’s water needs. An attempt has been made to delineate the groundwater potential zone for Jakholi block in the Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand, India. An innovation in groundwater research that aids in evaluating, observing, and sustaining groundwater resources is the coalscence of remote sensing data with the Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to groundwater resources. Several groundwater potential zones for assessing groundwater availability in Jakholi block have been identified in this article utilizing remote sensing and GIS methodologies. Throughout the study, nine thematic layers were evaluated for designating groundwater potential zones: geomorphology, geology, lineament density, drainage density, slope, soil texture, precipitation, relief and land use/land cover. Thematic layers were then transformed to raster using a GIS platform. After giving weights and score to individual layer, overlay analysis has been practised to identify five zones: very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor. The majority of the territory is in a zone with poor groundwater prospect. The outcome illustrates groundwater potential zones in the research region and has been shown to be useful in improving ground water resource planning and management.
Groundwater, GIS, Potential zones, Planning, Management
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Priya Arvind Giri, Shama Parveen
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3077—3081, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CQJX8609
How to cite this paper:
Giri, P. A., & Parveen, S. (2023). Assessment of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in 31 Genotypes of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras L.) Priya Arvind Giri, Shama Parveen. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3077–3081. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CQJX8609
In this study, 31 genotypes of gladiolus were examined to provide estimates of genetic variability, analysis of variance, genetic parameters (GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic progress) for thirteen different characters. The research trial was conducted at the crop research Center, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh using RBD design. According to the analysis of variance, 31 genotypes had notable variations for each character. Heritability estimates ranged from 22% to 99%. While the highest heritability 99% was predicted for the spike initiation, the character number of shoots per corm was expected to have the lowest heritability 22.76% . The percentage of genetic advances ranges from 24.25% to 69.41% of the mean. The highest and lowest percentages of the mean genetic advance were found for plant height 51.77% and the number of shoots per corm 0.79% .
Gladiolus, GCV, PCV, Heritability, Genetic advance as percentage of mean
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
K. Elango, Arun Kumar N., C. Nandhini, Dhanasekar V., Sowmiya D., Sowndarya S., Srinivasa Esakki Rajan E., Swetha S., Sanjay Raj N.
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) :3082—3086, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RVIU6774
How to cite this paper:
Elango, K., Kumar N., A., Nandhini, C., Dhanasekar, V., Sowmiya, D., Sowndarya, S., Srinivasa, E. R. E., Swetha, S., & Raj N., S. (2023). Distribution, Phenology of Guava Sucking Pests under Ultra High Density Planting with Emphasis on Two Tailed Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Pseudococcidae : Hemiptera) Manag. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3082–3086. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RVIU6774
The experiment studies were carried out to assess the intensity of damage, phenology and management of major sucking pests of Guava under ultra high density planting during 2022-23. There are three important sucking pests viz., Two Tailed Mealybug, Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Pseudococcidae :Hemiptera), invasive woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) (Aleurodidae:Hemiptera) and spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Russel) (Aleurodidae:Hemiptera) was documented in ultra high density planting of Guava. Under high density planting, Lucknow 49 variety was affected by more number of sucking pests viz., mealy bug (88.16%), wooly whitefly (1.85%) and guava scale (9.58%), respectively. The population of mealy bug Ferrisia virgata was maximum during first, second and third week of February with 45.1, 50.9 and 53.6 numbers / leaf/branch/tree. Weather parameters viz., minimum temperature for positively correlated with whereas maximum temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were negatively correlated with sucking pest population. Bio efficacy of different treatments was carried out against two tailed mealy bug under laboratory condition in contact method, Acetamiprid 20% SP showed superior performance of with 85.00% mortality followed by imidacloprid17.8% SL (81.30% mortality at 24 HAT followed by azadirachtin 0.03% EC showed 64.00 percent mortality.
Guava, Population dynamics, High density, Mealy bug and entomopathogen
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Non Parametric Trend Analysis of Tea Cultivation in India
Arya V. Chandran, D. S. Dhakre, Debasis Bhattacharya, K. A. Sarkar
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3087—3092, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CFTP8413
How to cite this paper:
Chandran, A. V., Dhakre, D. S., Bhattacharya, D., & Sarkar, K. A. (2023). Non Parametric Trend Analysis of Tea Cultivation in India. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3087–3092. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CFTP8413
With the second-largest producer and the highest consumer in the world, tea is one of the most important beverage crops in India. Considering the importance of tea industry to India’s national economy, a trend analysis of tea cultivation has been done here. Using data on the acreage, production, and productivity of tea in India from 1960 to 2021, and following a non-parametric approach Modified Mann-Kendall test has been used to detect the trend in the data. Addition to this, Sen’s slope estimator and innovative trend analysis have been performed to analyze the magnitude of trend whereas the Pettitt Mann-Whitney test has been used to detect the single change point. The findings of tests revealed that the area, production and productivity of tea in India have significantly increasing trend over the years.
Innovative trend analysis, Modified Mann Kendall test, Non parametric, Pettitt Mann-Whitney test, Tea cultivation.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Manoj M. S., B. R. Patil, Lokeshkumar B. M., Mahesh Hampannavar, Ganesh Prasad, Vrinda Joshi
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3093—3097, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MEYW2345
How to cite this paper:
Manoj, M. S., Patil, B. R., Lokeshkumar, B. M., Hampannavar, M., Prasad, G., & Joshi, V. (2023). Studies on Components of Genetic Variability in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.) Genotypes across Five Locations in Northern Karnataka. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3093–3097. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MEYW2345
Indian mustard is one of the prominent edible oil yielding crops cultivated in India, with oil content ranging from 37 to 48%. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the variability in eight promising genotypes of Indian mustard along with two checks, Dodda Sasive and NRCHB-101, laid in RCBD with three replications at five different locations across Karnataka. The observations were recorded for 12 biometric traits of mustard, including seed yield and oil content and analyzed using a combined ANOVA. Biometric tools like heritability and genetic advance are crucial components of genetic variability that serve to assess variation in the available germplasm and assist in the selection of a desirable genotype. The traits, number of secondary branches and racemes per plant have registered a high genotypic coefficient of variance as well as a high genetic advance as a percent of the mean indicating the possibility of rapid improvement. A minimal influence of the environment was noticed in the expression of 8 traits out of 12 that exhibited high heritability in a broad sense. Among all the traits, only seed yield exhibited a high genetic advance coupled with moderate heritability, which signifies that seed yield is governed by additive gene effects. The genotypes that exhibited superior performance with respect to yield across all the locations were TM-210, TM-136 and KMR (E) 16-11.
Genetic advance, Indian mustard, Heritability, Oil content, Variability
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
A. Nirmala, A. Manohar Rao, P. Prasanth, M. Vijayalakshmi, S. Narendar Reddy, D. Srinivasachary
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3098—3103, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EKVK1213
How to cite this paper:
Nirmala, A., Rao, A. M., Prasanth, P., Vijayalakshmi, M., Reddy, S. N., & Srinivasachary, D. (2023). Pulsing Effect of Sucrose and Sodium Hypochlorite on Vase Life of Cut Chrysanthemum cv Arcticqueen Flower. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3098–3103. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EKVK1213
An experiment was executed to investigate the role of different concentrations of sucrose and sodium hypochlorite as pulsing solution on post harvest storage life and other characteristics of cut chrysanthemum cv Arctic queen flower after harvest. The experiment was framed as completely randomized design with factorial concept with three levels of sucrose (5, 10, 20 %) and with 50 ppm NaOCl with 3 replications. The output of the experiment revealed that flower weight (8.26 g), water uptake (13.76 g), fresh weight change (123.76g), and maximum vase life (10.23 days) was achieved in 10% sucrose for 4 hrs pulsing treatment.
Chrysanthemum, Sucrose, Sodium hypochlorite, Fresh weight, Vase life
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
L. Murali Krishnan, R. John Christy, S. Vigil Anbiah, V. Imayavaramban
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3104—3110, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LZIT9219
How to cite this paper:
Krishnan, L. M., Christy, R. J., Anbiah, S. V., & Imayavaramban, V. (2023). Analysis of Host Specific Risk Factors Associated with Occurrence of Bovine Clinical Mastitis in Tamil nadu. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3104–3110. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LZIT9219
Globally, bovine mastitis is the most prevalent inflammatory disease of mammary gland that causes economic loss to the dairy industry. It is vital to study the risk factors associated with mastitis in order to design suitable prevention and control strategies. With this objective a survey was conducted among dairy farmers (n=300) in Tamil Nadu to identify the host specific risk factors associated with clinical mastitis. Species (OR=1.88, CI 95%= 1.15- 3.08, p=0.01), breed (OR=0.22, CI 95%= 0.12- 0.41, p<0.001), parity of cow (OR=0.69, CI 95%= 0.51- 0.93, p=0.02), lactation stage (OR=0.55, CI 95%= 0.40- 0.74, p<0.001) and milk yield (OR=2.77, CI 95%= 1.95- 3.93, p<0.001) were identified as significant risk factor for clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows in the study area. Understanding these factors assists dairy farmers in mitigating clinical mastitis in their herds.
Mastitis, Risk factors, Crossbreds, Parity, Stage of lactation, Milk yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Grasshopper Species Composition and Severe Attack in the Semi-Arid Region of Rajasthan, India
Pooja Meena, Ramesh Prajapat, Neha Kumawat, Shashi Meena
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3111—3119, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RKAB4387
How to cite this paper:
Meena, P., Prajapat, R., Kumawat, N., & Meena, S. (2023). Grasshopper Species Composition and Severe Attack in the Semi-Arid Region of Rajasthan, India. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3111–3119. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RKAB4387
Adequate knowledge is needed to know when grasshopper species abundance shifts and to follow severe outbreaks during microclimatic variations. Grasshoppers regularly cause enormous harm to a wide variety of crops and grazing lands; sometimes they show a potential attack on particular crops. A study was carried out in the southern region of Jaipur, Rajasthan, where 11 sites were weekly sampled to monitor grasshopper population dynamics, grasshopper densities, species composition, and vegetation loss from July 2021 to December 2022. A serious grasshopper attack was reported in 2021, with the highest grasshopper densities ranging from 5 to 17.5 per m2, whereas grasshopper densities dropped in 2022 from 4 to 14.5 per m2. In the survey area, the acridid grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian (Acrididae:Orthoptera) was reported as the most abundant species that was accountable for the majority of the crop damage in agricultural fields, followed by Spathosternum praciniferaum and Acrida turrita, respectively. The grasshopper population density was revealed to be significantly different in 2021 and 2022 (t = 1.568, df = 20, P = 2.086). Severe infestation was observed in all of the pearl millet fields and also in seasonal crops and vegetables, where H. banian caused 91% infestation, followed by S. praciniferaum with 7% and A. turrita with 2%, respectively. The study confirmed that climatic factors were significantly related to outbreaks and assessed their effect, which revealed a rare population in the summer season and peaked in the monsoon season. The finding provides important information for grasshopper risk forecasting, which is advantageous for preparing grasshopper risk maps, predicting the intensity of outbreaks, and developing an integrated pest management plan.
Acrididae, Grasshopper, Hieroglyphus, Pest, Species abundance
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Rajesh Kumar Agrahari, S. R. Mishra, A. K. Singh, A. N. Mishra, Anushka Pandey, Siddhant Gupta
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3120—3125, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MMAC7114
How to cite this paper:
Agrahari, R. K., Mishra, S. R., Singh, A. K., Mishra, A. N., Pandey, A., & Gupta, S. (2023). Effect of Varying Thermal Regimes on Yield and Yield Attributes of Mustard Varieties (Brassica juncea L.). Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3120–3125. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MMAC7114
A field experiment was conducted at Agro-meteorological Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India during 2019-20. The experiment was conducted with Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times with nine treatment combinations consisting of three different sowing time D1 (31st October/23.5oC), D2 (10th November/23oC) and D3 (20th November/21oC) and three varieties V1 (Bio-902), V2 (NDR-8501) and V3 (Varuna). Results showed that higher growth and yield was observed when crop was sown on 31st October than other sowing times. Different thermal regimes were found to have a substantial impact on the yield attributes. Among the varieties Varuna gave highest growth and maximum yield as compared to other varieties due to fulfillment of congenial thermal Regime. Maximum utilization of heat from sowing to maturity was obtained when crop was sown on 31st October while minimum utilization of heat was obtained when the crop was sown on 20th November. Hence it can be concluded that the best sowing date of mustard is on 31st October in the early sowing. This study may help to select suitable sowing time under climatic condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Mustard, Thermal regime, Growth, Yield, Yield attributes.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Abhijit Nandi, Ananya Ghosh, Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Prince, Kousik Nandi
Environment and Ecology 41 (4D) : 3126—3130, October—December 2023
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KXYE3446
How to cite this paper:
Nandi, A., Ghosh, A., Bandyopadhyay, S., Prince, & Nandi, K. (2023). Effect of Different culture media, temperature and pH for growth of Rhizoctonia solani causing Sheath Blight Disease in Rice Mat Nursery. Environment and Ecology, 41(4D), 3126–3130. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KXYE3446
Over the last decade Sheath Blight of Rice as a major constant in rice mat nursery production has been identified globally and integrated disease resistance strategy for Sheath Blight of Rice has been primary focus in south east Asia particularly in the kharif and rabi rice growing areas like Bangladesh, Eastern India, Terai region of Nepal and Pakistan. Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn.) is the causal agent of Sheath Blight Disease in Rice Mat Nursery. It is a soil inhabiting fungal pathogen which favors hot and humid temperature. Keeping in view the consequentiality of the disease due to transmute in climatic conditions, studies were conducted on the cultural and morphological diversity of the pathogen in different media, pH and temperature conditions. This research was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology in Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. The fungus Rhizoctonia solani gives highest mycelial growth on PDA (Potato dextrose Agar) media which is 60.78 mm and it is followed by Glucose peptone Agar media (55.33 mm) and V-8 juice Agar media (51.11 mm) whereas the lowest growth was observed in Czapek Dox Agar media (19.66 mm) followed by Oat meal Agar media (26.66 mm). In different pH, maximum mycelial growth was observed at pH 7 i.e., at neutral pH (62.33 mm) while they showed less growth in too acidic pH i.e., at 4 and at too high pH i.e., at pH 10. In different temperature, the highest mycelial growth was observed at 26⁰C (62.91 mm) to 28⁰C (62.05 mm) i.e., they prefer normal temperature for their growth.
Sheath Blight, Rice, Rhizoctonia solani, PDA, pH, Temperature
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International