Volume 42 (2B) 2024
Off-Season Cultivation of Tomato During Kharif Season using Plastic Mulch
Pramod Rai, Amit Raj Topno
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 739—744, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DFVX4737
How to cite this paper:
Rai, P., & Topno, A. R. (2024). Off-Season Cultivation of Tomato During Kharif Season using Plastic Mulch. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 739–744. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DFVX4737
An experiment was conducted during kharif season to investigate the performance of tomato cultivation under plastic mulch and without mulch condition. Five different treatments were designed in which T1– Lakshmi, T2– Swaraksha, T3– Swarna Sampda, T4– Vidya and T5– Ashok varieties were sown under drip irrigated fertigation system with four replications. The mortality rate of T1, T2 and T3 were 22.5%, 24.2% and 25.3% more as compared to without plastic mulch condition. It was observed that mulch condition that weeds was found to be very low in comparison to without mulch condition which was 42 g/m2 and 1665 g/m2 respectively. The highest yield of 19.2 t/ha was recorded for treatment T1 (Lakshmi) under plastic mulch condition. The statistical analysis revealed that during kharif season cultivation of tomato crops under mulch condition is more profitable in comparison to without mulch condition.
Fertigation, Kharif, Tomato, Yield, Temperature, Mulch.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 
Crop Residue Management through Utilization : A Review
Ancy G. Martin, Atul Jayapal, Krishna Vikram, Bavigadda Kavya
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 745—753, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CEAM9171
How to cite this paper:
Martin, A. G., Jayapal, A., Vikram, K., & Kavya, B. (2024). Crop Residue Management through Utilization : A Review. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 745–753. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CEAM9171
In India, the production of food grains was insufficient for domestic consumption during 1947 to 1960. The green revolution played a major role in pulling India out from the begging bowl status. This increased production had also increased the accumulation of agricultural waste which is a challenge that is yet to be addressed. Hence, an effective management of these crop residues has become the need of the hour. Generation of revenue from these discarded residues is a feasible option to prevent farmers from burning the residues. The following review gives an insight on various crop residue management options through its utilization thereby generating farm income. There is no waste in the world, unless we treat it as waste.
Crop residue management, Off farm residue, Sustainable agriculture.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Shivali Sharma, Harinder Singh Banyal
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 754—761, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LUWO9807
How to cite this paper:
Sharma, S., & Banyal, H. S. (2024). Insight into Aquatic Potential of Kunah Stream, Hamirpur (HP) by Analysis of Water Quality Parameters using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 754–761. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LUWO9807
Water quality index (WQI) gives the complete information regarding overall quality of particular water body and is an important tool for assessing the quality of surface water. Present research article focuses on the water quality assessment of Kunah stream in Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh state in India using Weighted Arithmetic water quality index method, which was determined using different water quality parameters viz., Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Hardness, Hardness due to Ca2+ and Mg2+, concentration of chlorides, nitrates and phosphates. Water sampling was done at two sites (upstream and downstream) of the stream. The value of WQI ranges from 61.97454 upstream to 50.50388 downstream shows that at upstream water quality is poor due to varied anthropogenic activities like bathing, washing clothes, mining and many more (reported upstream), whereas water quality is nearly good downstream supporting diverse biotic communities. But overall stream water is not suitable for drinking prior proper treatment. So, there is urgent need to appraise and monitor anthropogenic activities occurring in the stream.
Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), Physico-chemical parameters, Kunah, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Impact of Different Seed Priming Treatments on Seed Yield in Foxtail Millet
D. S. Balaji, S. Arunkumar, D. Venkatakrishnan, G. Sathiya Narayanan
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 762—769, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MKBT1613
How to cite this paper:
Balaji, D. S., Arunkumar, S., Venkatakrishnan, D., & Narayanan, G. S. (2024). Impact of Different Seed Priming Treatments on Seed Yield in Foxtail Millet. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 762–769. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MKBT1613
The experiments were carried out both in the laboratory as well as in the field condition. Field experiments were conducted to determine the productivity of foxtail millet due to different seed priming treatments. Halo priming with KH2PO4 @ 2 %, CaCl2 @ 2%, osmo priming with Mannitol @ 2 %, PEG @ -15 Bars, bio priming with Pseudomonas fluorescens (LF) @ 15, Prosophis leaf extract @ 10 % with seed to solution ratio of 1:1 for the soaking duration of 8 h along with unprimed, Thiram @ 2g/kg and hydro primed seeds were evaluated for its productivity during kharif and rabi seasons. The results revealed that the crop performance with regard to growth parameters, physiological parameters, yield and yield attributing parameters was outperformed in halo-priming with 2% KH2PO4 for 8 hrs primed seeds during kharif season than rabi.
Minor millet, Foxtail millet, Seed enhancement, Priming, Seed yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Detection of Microflora Associated With Finger Millets in Storage Condition
Poojashree Mahapatra, Gayatri Biswal, Sunita Behera, Subhashree Ratha, Tushar Arun Mohanty
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 770—774, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ORPF7583
How to cite this paper:
Mahapatra, P., Biswal, G., Behera, S., Ratha, S., & Mohanty, T. A. (2024). Detection of Microflora Associated With Finger Millets in Storage Condition. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 770–774. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ORPF7583
Four varieties of finger millets seeds were collected from Pulse Research Station, Berhampur, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology on 08 March, 2021. The varieties are Arjuna, Kalua, Bhairabi and Subhra. The visual and microscopic examination of infected seed samples were carried out to study the abnormal, discolored seeds and the fungal bodies present with them. Isolation of fungi associated with finger millet seeds were carried out by taking from randomly 400 seeds from the composite seed sample by standard moist blotter method. Twenty seeds per petri plates, after surface sterilization by 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for one minute. The fungal growths of different fungi obtained on seeds were transferred on PDA petri plates. Each fungal species isolated was further purified by hyphal tip method. Various cultures obtained were maintained on PDA slants for further study. Various seed-infecting fungi developed on the millet seeds, were separately cultured on PDA petri plates. Each fungal growth was critically observed under microscope for cultural and morphological characters. Finally, fungal characteristics observed were compared with the characteristics and described in various manuals. Cultures were maintained on PDA slants by sub culturing and stored at 250C for further study. The pathogenicity test was carried out for Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Apparently healthy seeds of finger millet’s ‘Arjuna’ and ‘Subhra’ variety were used for testing the pathogenicity of different isolates.
Detection, Microflora, Moist blotter, Storage condition.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Agricultural Advancements through Machine Learning Technologies
Parul Sharma, Pawanesh Abrol
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 775—779, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KRWS4781
How to cite this paper:
Sharma, P., & Abrol, P. (2024). Agricultural Advancements through Machine Learning Technologies. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 775–779. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KRWS4781
Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, is revolutionizing agriculture by enabling enhanced crop monitoring, disease detection, and yield prediction. Its application extends to precision farming, where it aids in optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting by analyzing large datasets from mobile phones, sensors and satellite images. It has played a crucial role in identifying and categorizing different types of plants. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), a deep learning technology within ML, are employed to classify plant species based on images. In the present research work, we have employed machine learning for the classification of citrus species using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A dataset has been developed with images of fruits and leaves from ten citrus species. We have utilized transfer learning with architectures like Mobile Net, Alex Net, and Goog Le Net. The study demonstrates that combining multiple plant components in CNN analysis improves classification accuracy, with leaves providing more reliable results than fruits. This approach signifies a major advancement in agricultural technology, allowing for more precise and efficient farming practices. The findings indicate that expanding the dataset and incorporating more plant structures could further refine these models. This research highlights the potential of machine learning in agriculture, particularly in enhancing species classification, which is crucial for sustainable and productive farming.
Agriculture, Citrus Classification, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Machine learning, Plant species classification
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) in India: Pervasiveness, Host Range, and Management
Shubhasree Dash, Rajasekhara Rao Korada, Bijoy Kumar Mishra
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 780—789, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/NDRG4974
How to cite this paper:
Dash, S., Korada, R. R., & Mishra, B. K. (2024). Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) in India: Pervasiveness, Host Range, and Management. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 780–789. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/NDRG4974
The Fall Army Worm (FAW), scientifically referred to as Spodoptera frugiperda, originally emerged in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Its migration to Africa in 2016 and subsequent spread to Asia, reaching India in May 2018, raised significant concerns about the adaptable pest’s expansion. Karnataka was the first state in India to report FAW, and by 2018 and early 2019, it had spread throughout peninsular India and the North and North East regions. This highly resilient insect has the ability to infest over 100 different plant species, making it a formidable pest. FAW has two dominant strains: the corn strain ‘C,’ affecting maize, sorghum, and cotton, and the rice strain ‘R,’ affecting rice and other grasses. The damage caused by FAW varies, posing a substantial threat to agriculture. The use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies has been shown to be effective in controlling FAW. Bio-rational pesticides, including Metarrhizium rileyi and Nomuraea rileyi, along with parasitoids like Telenomus sp., Trichogramma sp., Glyptapanteles creatonoti, and Campoletis chloridae, play a crucial role in managing the pest. Semiochemicals such as (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and habitat management methods like Push-Pull technology also contribute to successful control. Chemical insecticides like chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, thiamethoxam, and lambda cyhalothrin can be utilized to combat FAW. However, it is essential to note that early larval chemical control is more effective than late-stage intervention. The goal of this report is to emphasize the prevalence of FAW and to demonstrate the effective management techniques that have been used to minimize its effects.
Fall Armyworm, Distribution, Host preference, Integrated pest management.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Md Golam Ambiya, Sumit Nath, Salma Haque, Kausik Mondal
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 790—800, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QPDS3409
How to cite this paper:
Ambiya, M. G., Nath, S., Haque, S., & Mondal, K. (2024). Studies on the Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the Behavioral and Histopathological Changes in Cyprinus carpio : A Short-Term Bioassay. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 790–800. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QPDS3409
Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal known for its detrimental impact on aquatic organisms. The presence of this non-essential element in the food chain poses a significant threat to human health due to its biomagnifying effects. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of cadmium toxicity on the behavioral and histopathological alterations in the gill, liver and kidney tissues of the common carp species, Cyprinus carpio. Six groups of experimental fish with three replicates were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium chloride i.e., 0, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 mg/L respectively for a period of 96 h. The 96 h LC50 value of cadmium chloride for C. carpio was determined to be 74.65 mg/L. Treated fishes with higher doses i.e., 80, 90 and 100 mg/L exhibited increased breathing, accelerated ventilation with rapid opercular movement and air gulping, erratic swimming, collision against wall, loss of equilibrium, jumping, restlessness and sluggishness. Histopathological changes were also observed in gill, kidney and liver tissue. The changes in gills were marked by lamellar fusion, epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, telangiectasia, lamellar aneurism, blood congestion and necrosis of epithelial cells. The trunk kidney of the exposed fish exhibited glomerular distortion, fibrous edema, infiltration of edematous fluid, expansion of Bowman’s space, hemorrhage, and damage in uriniferous tubules. The liver hepatocytes showed cytoplasmic vacuolation, pyknotic nucleus, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, erythrocyte infiltration, patchy degeneration, enlargement of sinusoids and loosening of hepatic tissues. The findings demonstrated that acute exposure to cadmium has a significant impact on the essential organs and normal behavior, potentially leading to harmful consequences for fish populations.
Cyprinus carpio, Cadmium, LC50, Behavioral changes, Histopathology
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Nitin Kumar Gond, Monica Jyoti Kujur, Balkishan Chaudhary, Monika Patel, Anita Babbar
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 801—809, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DDQV2646
How to cite this paper:
Gond, N. K., Kujur, M. J., Chaudhary, B., Patel, M., & Babbar, A. (2024). Strategic Approaches for Genetic Enhancement of Quantitative and Physiological Traits in Advanced Breeding Lines of Chickpea. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 801–809. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DDQV2646
Performance on seed yield and yield attributing traits of 41 advance breeding lines were used to estimate parameters of genetic variability, association analysis and diversity analysis between seed yield and its contributing traits. Traits such as biological yield per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, stem thickness, height of first fruiting node, number of effective pods per plant, total number of pods per plant, harvest index and primary branches per plant revealed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean. High magnitude of positive direct effect and significantly positive correlations on seed yield per plant was found with number of effective pods per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and number of secondary branches per plant. Clustering analysis based on various morphological traits assorted 41 desi chickpea genotypes into four clusters. Traits like biological yield, plant height and 100 seed weight contributed most towards the genetic divergence. Genotypes ICCV211103, ICCV211106, ICCV211108, ICCV211111, ICCV211116, RVG 204, JG 24, JG 12, JG 16, Virat and Vishal recorded maximum positive principal component scores for the traits viz., plant height, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, stem thickness, biological yield per plant, harvest index, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight and stem height at first fruiting node, therefore these genotypes will as promising donor lines for chickpea yield improvement.
Heritability, Genetic advance, Correlation, Path coefficient analysis, D2 statistics, PCA.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Amit Kumar, Dalip Kumar, Krishna Rolania, Deepika Kalkal, Naresh Kumar Yadav, Vivek Kumar Saini
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 810—820, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IUIS5740
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, A., Kumar, D., Rolania, K., Kalkal, D., Yadav, N. K., & Saini, V. K. (2024). Impact Analysis of Biorational Insecticides under Weeded and Non Weeded Habitat on Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Management in Cotton Agroecosystem. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 810–820. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IUIS5740
Transgenic Bt cotton is effective to a high degree of, with respect to target lepidoptran bollworms, however sucking pests especially whitefly posed a serious issues in absence of bollworm in genetically modified (GM) crops. Therefore, to understand the efficacy of various biorational compounds against whitefly under non-weedy as well as weedy field conditions, studies on whitefly carried out during kharif 2018, to know the changes in number of whitefly adults as well as nymphs. Transgenic hybrid cotton variety RCH 650 was sown with a spacing of 100×45 cm and replicated four times in both non-weedy and weedy habitat. Although, standard check Dimethoate 30 EC proved it’s efficacy after first and second spray in cotton crop against whitefly. Not with standing, after the application of biorational first time as spray in 29th Standard Meteoroloical Week (SMW), Nimbecidine 300 ppm was admitted as most effective in non-weedy (66.76 and 60.65% mean mortality in whitefly adult and nymph, respectively) as well as in weedy habitat that caused 56.77 and 55.54% mean mortality in adult and nymph, respectively over a period of seven days after application. Entomopathogenic fungi Verticillium lecanii found better to control whitefly adults (42.06 and 40.63%), while Metarhizium anisopliae (42.39 and 36.01%) found more effective for nymphal mortality in non-weedy as well as in weedy habitat. One and same pattern of efficacy of biorational was reconstructed against whitefly again after second application of biorational in all the treatment selected to test against whitefly.
Biorational, Cotton, Insect-pest, Management, Non-weedy, Weedy, Whitefly.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Chaheng Kanglom, Yengkhom Abinash Singh, Saikhom Herojit Singh
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 821—827, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CZFU3931
How to cite this paper:
Kanglom, C., Singh, Y. A., & Singh, S. H. (2024). Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituent, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Bacterial Activity of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.). Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 821–827. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CZFU3931
The essential oil obtained from Curcuma caesia Roxb. rhizome was used to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and phenolic contents and to access their antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Phenols, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and carbohydrates were found to be present whereas saponins and proteins were absent. Antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The highest inhibition of essential oil was up to 79.8% at a concentration of 100µl/ml. The total phenol content was calculated by using standard graph of catechol and the highest phenol content was found to be 74.4 ± 0.06 mg/100g. The total flavonoid content was estimated using the quercetin standard curve. The presence of flavonoid was found to be 3.0±0.031mg/100g. Disc diffusion techniques was used to analyses the antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-6908), Bacillus cereus (MTCC-430), and Gram-negative bacteria; Vibrio cholerae (MTCC-3906), Salmonella typhimurium (MTCC-3224) and E. coli (MTCC 723). The essential oil showed highest zone of inhibition against Vibrio cholerae. Thus, the present study shows that Curcuma caesia Roxb. is rich source of antioxidants, phytochemical compounds and antimicrobial activity.
Curcuma caesia Roxb., Essential oil, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
The Potential Capabilities of Two Species of Azolla as a Bioaccumulator in Summer
Gopa Shome
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B): 828—835, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XURK8638
How to cite this paper:
Shome, G. (2024). The Potential Capabilities of two species of Azolla as a Bioaccumulator in Summer. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 828–835. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XURK8638
Now a days, worldwide excessive use of chemical fertilizer, can have many undesirable effects on human health and the environment, which can be reduced or eliminated by adopting new agricultural practices such as use of organic inputs, namely manure, biofertilizer. On the other hand, water eutrophication has been a challenging global environmental problem recently. Plants can be grown in eutrophicated water, and after consumption from eutrophicated water, the harvested biomass of this plant can play important role as a useful green manure, rich in N P K. The use of Azolla, a N fixing water-fern can be a novel idea in this regard. Azolla spp. have a unique capability to accumulate more P, K within its body than its requirement and can be considered as NPK tablets. So, the experiment was conducted in order to find out the efficient species with regard to high biomass production with high accumulation of P, K, and tolerating higher concentration of media-P in summer. Light intensity and concentrations of media-P have a remarkable influence on the productivity and NPK accumulation of the species. Open area was more favorable than the partial shade for biomass production. Both the species have the capability to tolerate 60 ppm of media-P and produce their maximum biomass at only 15 ppm of media-P. A. filiculoides was found to produce more biomass, accumulate more tissue-P, contain more or less the same amount of N, and less K when compared with A. pinnata. Thus, in hot climate, A. filiculoides can be considered better accumulator of Phosphorus and A.pinnata can be considered better accumulator of Potassium being an effective scavenger of P, K.
Azolla spp., Biofertilizer, Green manure, Environmental factors, Waste water management.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Applications of Advanced Technology for Prioritization of Watershed
Saket Raj, Kishan Singh Rawat, Vinod Kumar Tripathi
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 836—845, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RVML2942
How to cite this paper:
Raj, S., Rawat, K. S., & Tripathi, V. K. (2024). Applications of Advanced Technology for Prioritization of Watershed. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 836–845. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RVML2942
Prioritization of sub-watersheds is critical in strategic planning for incorporating management practices in delicate semi-arid regions. Geomorphometric as well as land use/cover data sets are essential for determining subwatershed priorities for integrated watershed management. Prioritizing watersheds entails ranking of sub-watersheds according to their susceptibility based on several variables, including the average yearly soil loss, the depletion of water resources, and ecological deterioration. The sub-watershed prioritization for the study area Muzaffarpur district was done by combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Weighted Sum Approach (WSA). PCA was used to differentiate important parameters but WSA was used to measure compound values for priority ranking and determining weights for significant parameters. The PCA was effective in obtaining the most crucial values (i.e., WB, Dt, Re, and Rb). A load of each significant parameter was successfully defined by the WSA application. Traditional prioritizing procedures uses numerous criteria in a complex manner and presumptively contribute equally but PCA-WSA integration results in more dynamic, effective, and efficient solutions.
Geomorphology, PCA, Weighted sum approach, Land use/Land cover.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Pravin Babasaheb Khaire, Dilipkumar Gangadhar Hingole, Someshree Sampatrao Mane, Vaibhav Shelar
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 846—850, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/NHEM2312
How to cite this paper:
Khaire, P. B., Hingole, D. G., Mane, S. S., & Shelar, V. (2024). Exploring the Role of Environmental Factors on the Emergence of Leaf Blight of Mungbean in Maharashtra State, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 846–850. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/NHEM2312
Leaf blight disease (LBD) of mungbean caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the major yields reducing factor in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Temperature and relative humidity play a significant role in development of this disease. In the present studies which was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Badnapur during kharif 2017. The factors were found to have a temperature showing non-significant and humidity showing significant role in disease development on leaf blight under field conditions. Maximum temperature (31.40C), minimum temperature (25.610C) and relative humidity (84.04%) favored high disease development. Positive and non-significant correlation was observed between disease and temperature while significant, positive correlation was noticed between disease development and relative humidity. This is the first-time study on the impact of weather parameter on leaf blight of mungbean in Maharashtra State.
Vigna radiata, Macrophomina blight, Epidemiology, Minimum temperature, Disease severity
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
A Review on Toxicity and Degradation of Ethidium Bromide (EtBr)
Parkash Singh, Parminder Kaur Narang, Akanksha
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 851—854, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KWJT3358
How to cite this paper:
Singh, P., Narang, P. K., & Akanksha. (2024). A Review on Toxicity and Degradation of Ethidium Bromide (EtBr). Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 851–854. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KWJT3358
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) serves as an interpolating agent utilized for its fluorescent properties in gel electrophoresis, aiding in the detection of various DNA fragments. However, its usage has been associated with DNA mutations, inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis and other alterations, particularly at high concentrations. Due to its remarkable stability in the environment and propensity to degrade into mutagenic compounds, especially when exposed to bleaching agents, there are significant concerns regarding its widespread use. Given the potential toxic and mutagenic effects of EtBr and the possibility of its entry into the food chain, it becomes crucial to monitor its concentration at emission sources across different ecosystems, including aquatic, terrestrial, and plant environments. Improper disposal of EtBr poses substantial risks, including the induction of mutations and cancer. Various disposal methods have been explored, such as phytoremediation and employing bacteria capable of degrading this chemical. Proper management of EtBr disposal is paramount to mitigate its harmful impact on the environment and living organisms.
Carcinogenicity, DNA fragment, Ethidium Bromide, Phytoremediation
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
D. R. Bhutia, N. B. Misal
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 855—859, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TEMD6047
How to cite this paper:
Bhutia, D. R., & Misal, N. B. (2024). Influence of Different Rates of Nitrogen and Sulfur on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 855–859. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TEMD6047
The field experiment was conducted at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, during rabi season on the sandy loam soils to study the influence of different rates of nitrogen and sulfur on growth and yield attributes of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.). The experiment was laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) consisting of eight treatments and three replications viz. (N1: 0 kg N per ha, N2: 100 kg N per ha, N3: 125 kg N per ha, N4: 150 kg N per ha, S1: 0 kg S per ha, S2: 30 kg S per ha, S3: 60 kg S per ha and S4: 90 kg S per ha). The different growth and yield attributes viz. plant height (cm), number of unfolded leaves per plant, diameter of cabbage head (cm), weight of cabbage head (kg) and yield of cabbage (t/ha) were recorded at different growth stages and at the time of harvesting. The results revealed that the application of 150 kg nitrogen and 90 kg sulfur per hectare gave the maximum values in all the growth and yield attributes compared to all the other treatments as well as control.
Cabbage, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Rahul Singh, Mamta Bohra, K.C. Singh, B.P. Nautiyal
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 860—866, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZDCX4117
How to cite this paper:
Singh, R., Bohra, M., Singh, K. C., & Nautiyal, B. P. (2024). Effect of Different INM Packages on Vegetative, Flowering, Yield and Economics of China Aster cv Kamini under High Hill Condition of Uttarakhand. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 860–866. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZDCX4117
The present investigation was conducted to develop a sustainable INM package for economical production China aster crop under high hill condition of Uttarakhand. The experiment was conducted at Floriculture farm, COH, VCSG, UUHF, Bhrasar from March to September 2022. The treatments were 12, replicate thrice in Randomized Complete Block Design. The results showed that maximum plant spread (22.86 cm), number of leaves plant–1 (219.33), leaf area (38.56 cm2), earliness in days taken to 1st bud appearance and flower opening (68.630 and 82.707days, respectively) and maximum flowering duration (23.430 days) were recorded in T7 (50% RDF + 25% FYM + 25% Vermicompost + Azotobacter (5 mL L–1)). However, maximum number of flowers plant-1 and plot–1 (36.80 and 441.53, respectively), stalk length (38.40 cm), flower diameter (7.26 cm), individual flower weight (3.86 g), flower yield plant–1 and bed–1 (142.89 g and 1.71 kg), seed yield plant–1 (3.330 g) and test weight (2.477 g), shelf and vase life (4.50 and 12.300 days, respectively) and C:B from flowers (1: 2.19) were recorded from the plants grown in plots applied with T8 (50% RDF + 25% FYM + 25% Neem cake + Azotobacter (5 mL L–1)). So, from the present investigation it can be concluded that treatment T8 was found effective in economical production of China aster cv Kamini under high hill condition of Uttarakhand.
China aster, INM, FYM, Goat manure, Neem cake, Vermicompost.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Ajay Kumar, Nidhika Thakur, Aditya Ingole, Imamuddin Shah, A.K. Srivastava
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 867—870, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZPDZ4394
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, A., Thakur, N., Ingole, A., Shah, I., & Srivastava, A. K. S. (2024). Efficacy of Different Concentrations of IBA and NAA on Growth of Hardwood Cuttings of Fig (Ficus carica L.) cv Dinkar. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 867–870. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZPDZ4394
An investigation was conducted to know the influence of growth hormones on shoot growth in hardwood cuttings of fig (Ficus carica L.). The experiment was set up in RBD having thirty cuttings with three replications treated with different concentrations of growth hormones viz., T1 (IBA 1000 ppm), T2 (IBA 2000 ppm), T3 (NAA 1000 ppm), T4 (NAA 2000 ppm), T5 (IBA 1000 ppm + NAA 1000 ppm), T6 (IBA 2000 ppm + NAA 2000 ppm) along with control. Present study revealed earliest sprouting, maximum shoot diameter, shoot length and number of leaves, fresh and dry weights shoot with T6 (IBA 2000 ppm + NAA 2000 ppm). On the basis of findings of this study fig hardwood cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm + NAA 2000 ppm under the shade house conditions can be recommended to nursery growers and researchers to obtain desirable shoot growth under Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.
Fig (Ficus carica L.), IBA, NAA, Shoot, Hardwood cuttings
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Vidya Pothayi, Sreedevi N. Kutty, Sebastian Chempakassery Devasia
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 871—880, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HAJU9529
How to cite this paper:
Pothayi, V., Kutty, S. N., & Devasia, S. C. (2024). Metagenomic Assessment of Fungal Diversity in the Mangrove Sediments from North and Central Kerala, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 871–880. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HAJU9529
The fungal communities of mangrove sediments have wide ecological significance and are actively involved in nutrient recycling, decomposition of litter and degradation of recalcitrant substances. The present study focused on comparing the abundance, diversity and composition of fungal community in the sediments of two selected mangrove ecosystems of Kannur and Eranakulam districts of Kerala. Metagenomic analysis of the total sediment DNA was performed on an Illumina sequencing platform using fungal ITS primers. The number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and the diversity indices showed that the Eranakulam mangrove sediments possessed higher fungal abundance, species richness and diversity than the mangrove sediments of Kannur. Ascomycota was most predominant phyla identified and a total of 11 classes, 20 orders, 34 families and 36 genera were obtained from the mangrove sediments. Talaromyces, which is not a commonly reported genus from Indian mangroves was the most prominent genera found in our study. The diversity heat map showed that 16 genera were exclusive to Eranakulam mangrove sediments while 5 genera were exclusive to Kannur samples. The metagenomics data of the mangrove sediments in our study revealed the presence of many fungal strains with vast biotechnological potential which can be further explored in the technology development.
Fungus, Mangrove sediment, Metage nomics, Diversity.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Influence of Drip Fertigation on Maize Growth Parameters
K. N. Raja Kumar, A. Mani, G. Ravi Babu, Ch. Sujani Rao
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 881—890, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QQNI3292
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, K. N. R., Mani, A., Babu, G. R., & Rao, Ch. S. (2024). Influence of drip Fertigation on Maize Growth Parameters. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QQNI3292
Field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018, rabi 2018-19 and kharif 2019 at Dr. NTR College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh to study the influence of drip fertigation on maize growth parameters. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of three irrigation levels (0.6 ETc (I1), 0.8 ETc (I2) and 1.0 ETc (I3)) and four nitrogen levels consisting of fertigation levels (80% RDN (N1), 100% RDN (N2), 120% RDN (N3) and Manual application (N4) on sandy clay loam soil. A drip fertigation system with venturi assembly was designed and fertigation date and quantity of nitrogen in each fertigation were calculated and applied. The results shown that, in all the seasons, the plant height at all the stages of observation, drip fertigation at 120% RDN (N3) recorded tallest plant height followed by N2, N4 and N1. The lowest days for maturity was observed in I1 treatment followed by I2 and I3 during kharif 2018. During rabi 2018-19, the lowest days for maturity was observed in I1 treatment followed by I2 and I3. During kharif 2019, the lowest days for maturity was observed in I1 treatment followed by I2 and I3.
Drip fertigation, Days to maturity, Maize crop, Plant height.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Mhabeni N. Kikon, S. P. Kanaujia, Moakala Changkiri, Sentirenla Jamir
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 891—896, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YGAY8010
How to cite this paper:
Kikon, M. N., Kanaujia, S. P., Changkiri, M., & Jamir, S. (2024). Effect of Different Organic Sources and Time of Manuring on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 891–896. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/YGAY8010
A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2022-2023 at the Instructional cum Experimental Farm, Nagaland University, School of Agricultural Sciences, Medziphema campus to evaluate the “Effect of different organic sources and time of manuring on the growth, yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracaea var. capitata). The experiment consisted of 15 treatments laid out in RBD with three replications. Result of the experiment clearly revealed that application of 75% N through VC one day before transplanting + 25% N through VC 20 DAT obtained maximum growth parameters, quality parameters and yield parameters with plant height (29.69 cm), stem diameter (2.73 cm), plant spread (50.37 cm), head compactness (34.70 cm), ascorbic acid content (9.16 mg 100-1g) and protein content (2.53%), head diameter (13.48 cm), head size (152.41 cm2), gross head weight (1416.67 g), net head weight (865.03 g), yield per plot (10.36 kg) and projected yield per hectare (24.03 t). Highest available N (301.66 kg ha-1) was recorded in T15 (RDF) while T4 (100% N through FYM 10 days before transplanting) recorded the maximum available phosphorous (49.45 kg ha-1). Maximum available potassium (218.89 kg ha-1), organic carbon (2.63%) and CEC (14.66 meq 100-1g) were recorded from T3 (75% N through VC one day before transplanting + 25% N through VC 20 DAT). Economics of treatments was calculated and T3 (75% N through VC one day before transplanting + 25% N through VC 20 DAT) recorded highest net return (Rs 5,03,900).The above findings suggest that the application of vermicompost can be effectively used for obtaining higher yield, improve soil fertility and higher net returns for organic cabbage cultivation.
Organic sources, Time of manuring, Cabbage, Yield, Quality, Economics, Vermicompost
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Influence of Organic Inputs on the Performance of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv Festival
Oken Patuk, Yumnam Somi Singh, Kalkame Ch. Momin
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 897—901, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CHUJ9474
How to cite this paper:
Patuk, O., Singh, Y. S., & Momin, K. Ch. (2024). Influence of Organic Inputs on the Performance of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv Festival. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 897–901. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/CHUJ9474
An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of organic inputs on yield attributing characters and quality of strawberry cv. Festival was carried out in Garo Hills region of Meghalaya, India during 2022-2023 at Department of Horticulture, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus in West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with eight different treatments which were replicated thrice. Treatment T2 (vermicompost 250g/plant) was found to be superior over other treatments for parameters like number of shoots (6.67-11.00), number of leaves (9.33-26.00), leaf area (31.50 cm2-104.50 cm2), total numbers of runners (7.00) and yield parameters like number of fruit set (13.00), fruit set percentage (81.61%), fresh fruit weight (16.55g), fruit length × diameter (34.00 mm × 30.00 mm) and yield of the plant (495.26g). Whereas, T1(vermicompost 300g/plant) recorded the highest in number of flowers (2.66-4.00), duration of flowering (107.00 days) and minimum days taken for flowering (43.00 days). Meanwhile, it was also recorded that T2(vermicompost 250g/plant) was found to have maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (10.47°Brix), total sugar (4.38%), reducing sugar (2.33%), non-reducing sugar (2.05%), titratable acidity (1.80%), ascorbic acid (16.46 mg/100g) and anthocyanin content (23.92 mg/100g). The overall findings indicate the potential of vermicompost (250g/plant) in organic production of strawberry.
Strawberry, Organic inputs, Yield, Quality
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Mousumi Das
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 902—909, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TAIA5302
How to cite this paper:
Das, M. (2024). Effect of Fishmeal Replacement with Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Meal on Growth Performance and Survival of the Black Molly (Poecilia sphenops). Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 902–909. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/TAIA5302
In order to search of viable alternative protein source for aquaculture, a feeding trial of six-months was carried out to test the effect of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal relacing fishmeal protein at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in practical diets (named D0, D25, D50, D75 and D100 respectively) on the growth performance, feed utilization and survival of black molly (Poecilia sphenops). At the end of six-months, significantly higher final weight and length were observed in D75 diet fed set followed by D50 set and then in D0 set, whereas lowest value was recorded in D100. The specific growth rate (SGR) in percent of control fishes (D0) was 2.25±0.02, whereas the result of SGR (%) was noted best in D75 set (2.44±0.02) and poorest in the D100 (1.97±0.02). Although D75 diet fed set showed lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), black molly fed with D25 and D50 diets still utilized the diets as well as control (D0) as their values did not vary significantly. Significantly higher survival percentage was 96.67%, observed in D75 set, in contrast lowest found in D100 set (64.44%). Hence, mealworm could be successfully incorporated by replacing fishmeal from 50% to 75% in the diet of black molly with optimal growth, feed utilization and better survival.
Black molly, Fishmeal, Growth efficiency, Mealworm, Survival rate.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Biochemical Characterization of Temi Tea from Sikkim
Guddu Rai, Niladri Bag
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 910—914, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ETDI9068
How to cite this paper:
Rai, G., & Bag, N. (2024). Biochemical Characterization of Temi Tea from Sikkim. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 910–914. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ETDI9068
Tea is the most popular non-alcoholic beverage in the world well known for its refreshing and stimulative properties. Temi tea is a top-notch organic tea brand being grown in the sole tea estate in the mountainous state of Sikkim which has high demand in the international market and has not been studied scientifically so far. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess and compare the total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content and antioxidant activity in the processed Temi tea samples collected across different season (flush) which is expressed on dry weight basis. Total polyphenols, flavonoid, tannin and antioxidant activity were studied spectrophotometrically. Results of the analysis revealed that the highest total polyphenol content, highest flavonoid content and highest antioxidant activity was found in T1 (Green tea sample of Spring flush) while the highest total tannin content was found in (T2) Black tea (Spring flush).
Temi tea, Polyphenol, Antioxidant activity, Flavonoid, Tannin
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Gunturu Vaishnavi Srilekha, Rajendra Kumar Panda, Rabindra Kumar Nayak, Manoranjan Satapathy
Environment and Ecology 42 (2B) : 915—919, April—June 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OBEM8643
How to cite this paper:
Srilekha, G. V., Panda, R. K., Nayak, R. K., & Satapathy, M. (2024). Characterization of the Morpho-Physiology and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) under the Influence of Lime, Compost, and Micronutrients. Environment and Ecology, 42(2B), 915–919. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OBEM8643
The objective of this study is to provide research attention on three primary components like lime, compost, and micronutrients on morpho-physiology and yield of finger millet as finger millet is usually cultivated on low fertility soils that are deficient in macro and micronutrients. The results of the field experiment conducted during rabi 2022–23 at Central Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, showed that the combined application of lime, FYM, boron, and zinc (T11) had significant effect on higher plant height (48.4 cm), number of tillers (5.8), leaf area (23.1 cm2) and improvement in yield characters such as the number of ear heads (4.8), fingers per ear head (6.2) and grains per ear head (115) than the other combination of treatments which also implied a positive coefficient with yield (p<0.01). Since applied fertility management with lime and organic fertilizer (FYM) alone never showed a significant difference in yield but the study confirms the importance of combined application of B and Zn in nutrient amendment for finger millet in problematic soil.
Finger millet, FYM, Lime, Boron, Zinc.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International