Volume 42(1A) 2024
Navnit Kumar, Lalita Rana, Sumit Sow, Jyotish Kumar, Anil Kumar, Sidh Nath Singh, A.K. Singh
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 185—189, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EWZT3940
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, N., Rana, L., Sow, S., Kumar, J., Kumar, A., Singh, S. N., & Singh, A. K. (2024). Influence of High-Sugar Early and Mid-Late Genotypes on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid Complex) at Wider Row Spacing. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EWZT3940
A field experiment was conducted in Pusa during spring season of 2016-17, to evaluate 7 sugarcane genotypes (‘CoP 11436’, ‘CoP 11437’, ‘CoP 11438’, ‘CoSe 11451’, ‘BO 130’, ‘CoSe 95422’ and ‘BO 153’) in early maturing group and 7 sugarcane genotypes viz., ‘BO 155’, ‘CoSe 11453’, ‘CoSe 11454’, ‘CoSe 11455’, ‘BO 91’, ‘CoP 9301’ and ‘CoSe 92423’ in mid late maturing group at 120 cm row spacing. In early group, genotype ‘CoP 11436’ produced the higher tillers (1, 38000/ha), millable canes (1, 04800/ ha), cane (88.2 t/ha) and sugar yield (11.1 t/ ha). Genotype, ‘CoP 11438’ showed the higher brix (20.6) and pol (18.39%) per cent juice among test genotype, followed by standard check ‘BO 153’. Under mid late maturing group, higher germination count (46.2%), tillers (1, 52, 100/ha) and millable canes (1, 07800/ ha) was noticed due to the genotype ‘BO 155’ which was followed by the standard check ‘CoSe 92423’. However, ‘CoSe 11455’ recorded the highest cane (103.7 t/ha) and sugar yield (13.18 t/ha), followed by ‘BO 155’ in case of cane yield and CoSe 11453 in sugar yield. Among mid late genotype ‘CoSe 11453’, ‘CoSe 11454’ and standard check ‘CoP 9301’ obtained similar brix values of 20.7%. However, standard check ‘CoP 9301’ was found significantly superior to ‘BO 155’ with respect to pol and commercial cane sugar percent.
Early and mid-late genotypes, Productivity, Sugarcane.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 
Anu Singh, Usha Pant, Anil Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 190—197, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MHKZ3808
How to cite this paper:
Singh, A., Pant, U., & Kumar, A. (2024). Line×Tester Analysis for Heterosis and Combining Ability for Seed Yield and its Component Traits in Indian Mustard. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MHKZ3808
Twelve advanced lines/varieties of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were selected for building the experimental material. It consisted of 8 lines and 4 testers, mated in Line × Tester design during rabi season 2018-19. These parents alongside with their 32 F1s were evaluated in RBD in rabi season 2019-20 for 13 traits including seed yield per plant (g), glucosinolate content (µmole/g) and oil content (%). Analysis of variance for combining ability showed that significant differences were present amid treatments for all the characters, except for siliqua length and seeds per siliqua. Line PAB 17-1 was identified as a good combiner on the basis of their GCA effect for seed yield, test weight; PAB 17-15 for number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, PAB 17-21 for plant height, length of main raceme, siliquae on main raceme, glucosinolate content and PAB 17-23 for oil content. Highest significant SCA effect was shown by cross-combination PAB 17-2×PHR-2 for seed yield per plant, PAB 17-23×NRCHB-101 for glucosinolate content and PAB 17-1×PAB-9511 for oil content. Cross combination PAB 17-2×PHR-2 showed highest heterobeltiosis (BP) for seed yield per plant followed by PAB 17-1 × PHR-2. The magnitude of heterosis over BP in the desired direction was quite high ranging from -36.18 to 160.14. Cross PAB 17-23×PHR-1 for oil content showed highest heterosis over BP. Cross combination PAB 17-15×PAB-9511 showed highest relative heterosis for seed yield per plant and PAB 17-20×PAB-9511 for oil content. Similarly PAB 17-2×PHR-2 showed highest economic heterosis for seed yield per plant.
Combining ability, Heterosis, Indian mustard, Line×Tester, Seed yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Study the Feasibility of Round the Year Utilization of Permanent Shade Net Structure
Amit Raj Topno, Pramod Rai
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 198—206, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VQEG3728
How to cite this paper:
Topno, A. R., & Rai, P. (2024). Study the Feasibility of Round the Year Utilization of Permanent Shade Net Structure. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/VQEG3728
A study was conducted to assess the feasibility of permanent shade net structure in comparison to open field condition for round the year cultivation. Experiment was conducted during 2016-2017 for winter, summer and rainy season. The microclimate parameters recorded were maximum and minimum temperature, light intensity and dry bulb and wet bulb temperature. The results showed that shade net lowered the temperature, light intensity and increased the relative humidity during winter, summer and rainy season in comparison to open field condition. The crops taken during round the year were i.e. winter season (pea, cabbage, cauliflower, and potato), summer season (tomato) and rainy season (spinach and coriander). During winter season under shade net structure only cabbage yield was better than open field and tomato yield during summer season under shade net structure was substantial higher than open field.
Light intensity, Microclimate, Open field, Permanent shade net, Temperature, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Y. Madhumitha, P. Senthil Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 207—212, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UEMF4167
How to cite this paper:
Madhumitha, Y., & Kumar, P. S. (2024). Estimation of Simple Correlation and Genetic Variability Studies in F2 Population of Three Different Crosses in Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UEMF4167
Simple correlation analysis and variability analysis was done in three crosses of bhendi viz., IC 049972 x Arka Anamika, IC 058704 × Arka Anamika, IC 045993 × Pusa – A4 at Annamalai University, Chidambaram. The correlation analysis for eight characters plant height, days to first flowering, number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant was done. The result showed that number of branches per plant, numbers of fruits per plant, fruit weight are highly correlated with fruit yield per plant. Genetic variability parameters like GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were estimated. In all the three crosses PCV was higher in magnitude than GCV which may be due to the effect of environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in two crosses. This indicates the effect of additive gene action. From the above study it can be seen that fruit yield improvement in bhendi can be done by selection based on fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and number of branches per plant.
Correlation analysis, Genetic variability, GCV, PCV, Heritability, Genetic advance, Additive gene action, Yield improvement.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Harikrishna S., Suvodip Mukherjee
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 213—219, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZLOV2341
How to cite this paper:
Harikrishna, S., & Mukherjee, S. (2024). Biomonitoring with Lichens: Evaluating Heavy Metal Concentrations, Environmental Factors, and Lichen Diversity in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZLOV2341
Lichens are commonly used in biomonitoring due to their unique characteristics that make them a cost-effective option. Unlike chemical analysis, sampling lichen diversity is less expensive, enabling a more extensive sampling coverage while reducing costs. This diverse group of organisms can be used to detect areas that are affected by pollution, land use changes, and ecological imbalances. In recent years, researchers have been working to establish a reliable protocol for lichen sampling in biomonitoring to enhance its utility and minimize any variations caused by extraneous environmental factors. In this article concentrations of heavy metals s (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn), acidity and electrical conductance of few flowering trees bark (Albizialebbeck, Delonixregia, Pongamiaglabra, Callistemon Lanceolatus, Cassia Fistula, Cassia Javanica) were evaluated to determine the impact the lichen value diversity in six different places based on different environmental factors. It has been stated that the correlation between acidity level and lichen species exists in all investigated tree species. Six lichen species (Chrysothrixcandelaris (L.) Laundon, Graphisscripta (L.) Ach, G. scripta (L.) Ach., leucosorodes Nyl, D. consimilis (Stirton) Awasthi, D. aegialita (Afz. in Ach.) Moore and L.(perplexa Brodo) were registered, among them three were foliose and three were crutose. Lichen leucosorode Nyl was predominant in Albizialebbeck, Delonixregia, Pongamiaglabra trees. It was observed that the lichen diversity was less near heavy traffic location, industrial areas and also rougher bark of trees provided a better habitat of wider variety of lichen species.
Lichen value, Electrical conductance, Air quality, Biomonitoring, Environmental variables
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Study of the Impact of Prosopis juliflora on Soil Moisture and Humidity
Jayaparvathy R., Daphin Lilda S., Sheeba Angel A., Priyanka B. N.
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) :220—228, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OTWB2845
How to cite this paper:
Jayaparvathy, R., Daphin, L. S., Sheeba, A. A., & Priyanka, B. N. (2024). Study of the Impact of Prosopis juliflora on Soil moisture and Humidity. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OTWB2845
This paper aims to present the impact of invasive alien species on soil moisture over the other native species. Prosopis juliflora is a majestic, non-native species that grows abundantly over the arid and semi-arid regions especially over the southern part of Indian sub-continent. These non-native, invasive species are modifying the native bio diversity, natural irrigation and local ecosystem by alternating the soil fertility measures such as soil moisture and relative humidity of the soil. In this study, the impact of the non-native species and native species on soil moisture and atmospheric humidity are considered for the analysis of the effect of the Prosopis juliflora and the variation in the conditions are visualized using the k- means clustering technique. The soil moisture at a depth of 2 meters and 1 meter and the air humidity is compared for regions in the presence of the nonnative species and in the absence of nonnative species. The results indicate that the non-native species has a negative impact on the cultivating land, spoiling its fertility measures by reducing its soil moisture content. The study provides evidence for the need to take necessary actions to eradicate species such as Prosopis juliflora and in turn to protect the native vegetation and develop management strategies to control the spread of the species.
Prosopis juliflora, Soil moisture, Humidity, Clustering.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Priyanka Kalita, J. Y. Yumnam
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 229—237, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XAPU4123
How to cite this paper:
Kalita, P., & Yumnam, J. Y. (2024). Biomass and Carbon Stock of Trees in a Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest of Kamrup Metropolitan District, Assam, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XAPU4123
The present investigation deals with the estimation of biomass and Carbon stock potential of tree species in a tropical moist deciduous forest of Kamrup Metropolitan district of Assam, India. For vegetation sampling of trees, the stratified random method was employed and biomass and Carbon stock of trees were estimated by using an allometric equation. Altogether 39 tree species representing 34 genera and 20 families were reported. A high total density and total basal cover (TBC) were reported during the investigation (1008 stem ha⁻¹ and 71.74 m² ha⁻¹ respectively). Total biomass (TB), total Carbon stock (TCS), and CO₂ equivalent were estimated to be 985.56 Mg ha⁻¹, 492.78 Mg C ha⁻¹, and 1808.50 Mg C ha⁻¹ respectively. Among the trees, Cassia fistula exhibited the highest amount of TB, TCS, and CO₂ equivalent (131.33 Mg ha⁻¹, 65.66 Mg C ha⁻¹, and 240.99 Mg C ha⁻¹ respectively). TCS displayed a positive correlation with density, TBC, and diameter of tree species. The study provides valuable information on biomass and Carbon sequestration potential of trees in the tropical moist deciduous forest, which could be of help to forest policymakers to ensure sustainable management of Carbon stock and hence promotes mitigation of global climate change.
CO₂ equivalent, Total basal cover, Total biomass, Total Carbon stock, Total density.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Joginder Singh, A. Rajasekaran, A. K. Negi, Vijender Pal Panwar
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 238—247, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DWFE1255
How to cite this paper:
Singh, J., Rajasekaran, A., Negi, A. K., & Panwar, V. P. (2024). Assessment of Wild Edible Plant Diversity in Fringe Forest Areas of Kinnaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DWFE1255
Wild edible plant diversity in fringe forest areas in Kinnaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India, was assessed using stratified random sampling by the quadrat method. A total of 115 plant species comprised 19 trees, 31 shrubs and 65 herb species were found growing in the habitat. Of the total species recorded, the people in the district use 91 plant species (79.1% of the total species) for various edible purposes. Among the edible plants recorded, 16 were trees, 23 shrubs, and the remaining 52 were herbs. Wild edible trees had a higher density (70 trees/ ha) than non-edible tree species (11.25 trees/ ha). Among trees, Prunus persica was recorded with the highest density of 13.75 trees/ha, with a basal area of 1.27 m2/ha and an IVI value of 51.56. Wild edible shrub species had a very high contribution of 75.53% (0.71 bushes/9m2) to the total shrub species density (0.94 bushes 9/m2). The density of all edible shrub species was <1 bush/ m2, and the highest density was of Berberis aristata (0.18 bush/ 9m2). The density of wild edible herbs was (12.07 individuals/ m2) lower than the density of non-edible herb species (17.25 individuals/ m2). Thymus serphyllum a rarely used herb, had the highest density of 5.49 individuals/ m2, frequency (17.28 %) and IVI (26.00) among herbs. Most of the other edible herb species had density <1 individual/ m2. It was observed that the indigenous people in the region frequently visit fringe forest areas for various purposes, which affect the population of wild edible plant species. Further, wild edible plant species knowledge is getting eroded, especially among the younger generation. Hence, public awareness and community based management need to be encouraged at all levels. In addition, forest department and various other government agencies should include important wild edibles in their plantation program.
Conservation, Density, Wild edible, Population status, Tribal region.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Redgram Resurgence –A Perspective of Nanotechnological Approach
Rame Gowda, Roopashree B., Umarani K., Sowmya K. J.
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 248—254, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LUIT8549
How to cite this paper:
Gowda, R., Roopashree, B., Umarani, K., & Sowmya, K. J. (2024). Redgram Resurgence –A Perspective of Nanotechnological Approach. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LUIT8549
Nanotechnology, with its unique ability to manipulate materials at the nanoscale, has emerged as a promising tool for revolutionizing agriculture. In this review, we delve into the application of nanotechnology in redgram (Cajanus cajan L.), commonly known as pigeonpea, which is an essential leguminous crop with global significance. It has been explored for the utilization of nanomaterials for improving seed germination, vigor, crop productivity, disease management, nutrient delivery, and storability in redgram. Through a systematic analysis of recent research papers, we highlighted the potential of nanotechnology to address key challenges in redgram production while providing sustainable solutions for modern agriculture.
Nanotechnology, Redgram, Seed quality, Seed yield, Nutrient delivery.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Subhajit Barat, Binoy Kumar Saren, Subhendu Bikash Goswami, Ankush Sarkar, Saptashree Das, Sandip Kumar De
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 255—262, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LAKU1987
How to cite this paper:
Barat, S., Saren, B. K., Goswami, S. B., Sarkar, A., Das, S., & De, S. K. (2024). Growth, Yield and Water use Efficiency of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) as Influenced by Phosphorus, Micronutrients and Organics in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LAKU1987
A field experiment was conducted to study the crop growth, yield and WUE of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) as influenced by phosphorus, micronutrients and organics in rice soils during rabi season of 2020-21 at the Teaching Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mondouri, Nadia under New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. The experiment was carried out taking ten different nutrient management practices with three replications in randomized block design to evaluate the performance of lathyrus. The results of the experiment revealed that lathyrus plot fertilized with the recommended dose of fertilizer along with foliar application of Borax @ 0.5% recorded the highest plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. Maximum seed yield (1450 kg ha-1), stover yield (2513 kg ha-1) and highest WUE (10.00 kg ha-1 mm-1) were recorded by the plot treated with RDF+ Borax @ 0.5%.With respect to quality parameters, the seed protein content was highest (31.18%) in the plot fertilized with RDF along with ammonium molybdate @ 0.1%. Therefore, it may be concluded from the results of the experiment that the combined use of RDF with Borax @ 0.5% application in grass pea is one of the best option for better production in terms of quality and quantity for cultivation in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal.
Boron, Lathyrus, Phosphorus, Water use efficiency (WUE), Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Expanding Rubber Plantation Degrades Biodiversity and Worsen Local Environment
Tirthankar Mandal
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 263—270, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JXUO2910
How to cite this paper:
Mandal, T. (2024). Expanding Rubber Plantation Degrades Biodiversity and Worsen Local Environment. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/JXUO2910
The rapid growth of rubber plantations in India exacerbates traditional agriculture and degrades biodiversity. Rubber is a cash crop, earns a remarkable income for the farmer and boosts the economy in the world market. The North Eastern states of India produce rubber successfully due to favorable atmosphere and climatic conditions. This region occupies a large area of natural forest and a hotspot of biodiversity. In the recent past, people shifted their occupation to rubber plantations by sacrificing forests and biodiversity. A case study in South Tripura, N-E state of India, highlighted the story behind environmental degradation through rubber plantations. A Likert scale analysis followed by a logistic regression tried to find out the negative impact of rubber plantations.
Rubber plantation, Deforestation, Environmental degradation, Likert analysis, Logistic regression.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Effect of Different Soil Media on Rooting of Dragon Fruit Cuttings
A. D. Ingole, U. A. Raut, S. P. Mahalle, Ajay Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 271—276, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EBHK2406
How to cite this paper:
Ingole, A. D., Raut, U. A., Mahalle, S. P., & Kumar, A. (2024). Effect of Different Soil Media on Rooting of Dragon Fruit Cuttings. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EBHK2406
The present study was carried out at the Fruit Nursery, Department of Fruit Science, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidypeeth, Akola.With the aim to investigate the effect of various compositions of soil media and to find the proper composition for better rooting of dragon fruit cuttings. The design of experiment was CRD with five replications consisting of seven treatment combinations viz., T1-Soil:Sand:FYM, T2-Soil:Red Soil:FYM, T3-Soil:Silt:FYM, T4-Soil:Sand:Vermicompost, T5-Soil:Red Soil:Vermicompost, T6-Soil:Silt:Vermicompost with ratio of 2:1:1 and T7 was control (100% Soil). All the data were recorded on different growth parameters of selected representative cuttings which were selected at random from each replication. Treatment T5 i.e. Soil:Red Soil:Vermicompost in ratio 2:1:1 displayed superior performance articulated in terms of root growth parameters viz., number of root per cutting (58.2), root length (21.54 cm), root diameter (2.36 mm), length of longest root (23.66 cm), average number of roots (53.62), average length of root (20.96 cm), root volume (1.82 cc), fresh weight of root (5.18 g), dry weight of root (0.86 g) and survival percentage (97.59%) among different treatments for successful propagation of dragon fruit cuttings.
Cuttings, Dragon fruit, Propagation, Rooting, Soil media.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Correlation and Path Analysis in Indian Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (L.)) Germplasm
G.Nehru, A.Trivikrama Reddy , C.V. Chandra Mohan Reddy, K.N. Sreenivasulu
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 277—284, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FEDS4148
How to cite this paper:
Nehru, G., Reddy, A. T., Reddy, C. V. C. M., & Sreenivasulu, K. N. (2024). Correlation and Path Analysis in Indian Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (L.)) Germplasm. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FEDS4148
Sixty four genotypes were evaluated to determine correlation and path analysis among the grain yield and its attributing characters. Correlation analysis disclose that the grain yield per plant had positive significant correlation with majority of traits like basal tillers (rp= 0.182** and rg=0.2201**), 1000 seed weight (rp=0.2369* and rg=0.2923**), Panicle weight per plant (rp=0.7476** and rg=0.8398**), Peduncle length (rp=0.1944** and rg= 0.2058**) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. It means that these characters are predominantly controlled by additive gene action and hence selection for these traits will lead to the improvement in grain yield. The path analysis showed that traits like panicle length (P= 0.0284 and G=0.1026), test weight (P=0.0773 and G= 0.0568), panicle weight per plant (P=0.7727 and G=0.8396), calcium (P=0.1055 and G=1029), iron (P=0.1813 and G= 0.1268) recorded on grain yield per plant with high positive direct effect suggesting the importance of selection for these characters can be done directly.
Correlation coefficient, Barnyard millet, Path analysis.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Maya Ram, Sutanu Maji, Razauddin, Mata Prasad, Ramesh Chand Meena
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 285—292, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EEVG1351
How to cite this paper:
Ram, M., Maji, S., Razauddin, Prasad, M., & Meena, R. C. (2024). Selection of Suitable Date of Transplanting for Year Round Production of Onion (Allium cepa L.) cv Agrifound Dark Red. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/EEVG1351
Round the year onion production is an important issue to challenge the price fluctuation during different time of year and different location of the country. The present experiment was conducted at sub-tropical region of Uttar Pradesh during early kharif, kharif and late kharif season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 to find out the optimum date of transplanting and choice of suitable planting condition (raised and flat bed) for Agrifound Dark Red cultivar of onion for off-season production. The experiment consisted of nine dates of transplanting (1st day of April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December). Based on two years data of experiment which was laid out in two Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications, results indicated that transplanting on 1st October showed maximum vegetative growth in terms of plant height (66.23 cm), number of leaves per plant (13.32), length of leaf (65.85 cm) was observed in plants when transplanted on 1st November (D8) at 120 days after transplanting (DAT). However, maximum neck thickness (21.92 mm) was recorded in 1st October transplanting, but the change was non-significant. The harvesting days might be early when transplanting was done on 1st July (D4) and October transplanting (D7) caused late harvesting as compared to others. It indicated that 1st October transplanting produced more bulb yield (347.76 q/ha) followed by 1st November transplanting. Among the two conditions, raised bed (B1) showed the better performance in respect of growth and yield specially in kharif season production. Therefore, it may be concluded that Agrifound Dark Red variety may be transplanted on 1st October to get maximum production in central Uttar Pradesh which may be beneficial for increasing farmers’ income.
Date of transplanting, Transplanting, Onion, Offseason, Kharif, Growth, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Ritika, Puja Rattan
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 293—300, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KHNG3927
How to cite this paper:
Ritika, & Rattan, P. (2024). Effect of Organic Manure and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/KHNG3927
The present investigation was conducted during 2022 at DAV University, Jalandhar, to find out the effect of organic manure and bio-fertilizer on growth and yield of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). The experiment consisted of twelve treatments viz. T1 (FYM @ 20 t/ha), T2 (vermicompost @ 5 t/ha), T3 (Neem cake @ 2.5 t/ha), T4 (Azotobacter @ 4 kg/ha), T5 (Azotobacter @ 2 kg/ha + FYM @ 10 t/ha), T6 (Azotobacter @ 2 kg/ha + vermicompost @2.5 t/ha), T7 (Azotobacter @ 2 kg/ha + neem cake @1.25 t/ha), T8 (PSB @ 4 kg/ha), T9 (PSB @ 4 kg/ha + FYM @ 20 t/ha), T10 (PSB @ 4 kg/ha + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha), T11 (PSB @ 4 kg/ha + Neem cake @ 2.5 t/ha), T12 (Control : RDF 60:125:25 kg NPK) and one variety (Green ball) and laid in RBD with three replications. Observations were recorded on growth parameters like plant height, number of days to male flower appearance, number of days to female flower appearance, number of days to fruit set, number of days to fruit harvest, sex ratio, number of branches, number of fruits per plant per picking, average fruit weight (g), yield parameter like marketable yield (q/ha) and quality parameter like TSS. It was observed that plants which were treated with (T6) Azotobacter @ 2 kg/ha + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha resulted better in most of the growth, yield and quality parameters.
Summer squash, Vermicompost, Azotobacter, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Farm yard manure, Neem cake.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
R. D. Dodiya, A. H. Barad, J. V. Italiya, H. N. Prajapati
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 301—306, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BDEL8663
How to cite this paper:
Dodiya, R. D., Barad, A. H., Italiya, J. V., & Prajapati, H. N. (2024). Impact of Weather Parameters on Population Dynamics of Tobacco Leaf Eating Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) Infesting Groundnut. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 301–306. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BDEL8663
Investigations on impact of weather parameters on population dynamics of tobacco leaf eating caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) infesting groundnut was carried out at regional research station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during kharif 2021. Infestation of the S. litura on groundnut was observed from July to October. The infestation of S. litura started from third week of July (29th SMW) during kharif 2021. Thereafter, population and per cent damaged plants were gradually decreased toward the maturity of the crop up to last week of October (44th SMW). The maximum larval population of S. litura as well as per cent damaged plants were observed during the month of September (35th SMW to 39th SMW). S. litura larvae showed significantly positive correlation with rainfall, morning and evening relative humidity as well as morning and evening vapor pressure. Morning relative humidity contributed 44.5% variation in the larval population of S. litura.
Groundnut, Relative humidity, Rainfall, Seasonal incidence, Spodoptera litura.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Advancements in Genome Editing for Insect Control – A Comprehensive Review
Pooja Kumari, Tarun Verma, Manisha Yadav, Priyanshu Pawar, Jarpala Mounika, Bhupinder Singh
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 307—315, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DPBB8704
How to cite this paper:
Kumari, P., Verma, T., Yadav, M., Pawar, P., Mounika, J., & Singh, B. (2024). Advancements in Genome Editing for Insect Control – A Comprehensive Review. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/DPBB8704
Genome editing technologies have revolutionized the field of insect control, offering promising strategies for combating insect-borne diseases, agricultural pests and invasive species. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in genome editing techniques and their applications in insect control. We discuss the principles and applications of CRISPR-Cas 9, TALENs, and ZFNs, highlighting their potential for precise and efficient genome modifications in insects. Additionally, we explore various insect control strategies, including genetic sterilization, gene drives and population suppression, enabled by genome editing. Furthermore, we delve into the ethical considerations and regulatory challenges associated with the use of genome editing in insect control. Overall, this review aims to shed light on the current state-of-the-art in genome editing for insect control and its implications for addressing pressing global challenges.
Genome editing, CRISPR-Cas 9, TALENs, ZFNs, Drosophila melanogaster, DNA endonuclease.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Md I. Zaman, L. C. Patel
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 316—322, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XMYF8794
How to cite this paper:
Zaman, M. I., & Patel, L. C. (2024). Compatibility of Entomopathogenic Nematode (Steinernema sp.) and Coccinelid (Cheilomenes sexmaculata) with Insecticides Registered against Fall Army Worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Corn. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 316–322. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/XMYF8794
Cyantraniliprole, Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin benzoate, Spinosad, Flubendiamide, Teflubenzuron, Novaluron+Indoxacarb, Broflanilide, Chlorafenapyr and Azadirachtin are some important registered insecticides against S. frugiperda in corn. Bioagents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and lady beetles have also role to reduce its population. Integration of bioagents with chemical insecticides is current need for sustaianable pest management. So, the present evaluation was conducted at laboratory condition to knowhow the fate of EPNs, Steinernema sp. and coccinelid (Cheilomenes sexmaculata) after their exposure with above mentioned insecticides used for S. frugiperda. Lab research was conducted during spring (2021) at BCKV, Burdwan campus (West Bengal). EPNs was multiplied on larva of Corcyra cephalonica. Cheilonemes sexmaculata (grubs and pupa) was collected from field. Ten novel insecticides recommended for S. frugiperda were evaluated against the mentioned bioagents. Corected mortality data of EPNs and coccinelid was analyzed statistically and accordingly insecticides were grouped into different toxicity class. Except Emamectin benzoate, all the chemicals were proved to be safe to Steinernema sp. E. benzoate caused 100 % reduction to insect infectivity by EPN, followed by Chlorafenapyr (80 %). Slightly harmful effect for grubs (C. sexmaculata) was noted in Cyantraniliprole and Emamectin benzoate and for pupa in emamectin benzoate and Novaluron + Indoxacarb. Otherwise all others were harmless both for grubs and pupal stage of C. sexmaculata. These pieces of information might be practical in decision making for IPM of S. frugiperda.
Fall armyworm, EPN, Coccinelid, Corn, Novel insecticides.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
K. J. Bhuva, S. D. Patel
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 323—327, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IKWE5215
How to cite this paper:
Bhuva, K. J., & Patel, S. D. (2024). Screening of Different Genotypes/Varieties of Greengram against Spotted Pod Borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius). Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 323–327. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IKWE5215
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the different genotypes/varieties of greengram against spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata during kharif 2021 at Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. Total 20 genotypes/varieties were used and experiment was conducted in randomized block design with two replications. Among the twenty genotypes/varieties screened for their resistance to spotted pod borer, none of the genotypes/varieties was found to be highly resistant. Based on larval population, four genotypes/variety viz., VSGG 9, VMK 19-03, VMK 18-01 and Meha were categorized as resistant to spotted pod borer. While VSGG 2, GM 6, VSGG 8 and VSGG 4 were found susceptible. None of the genotypes/varieties was categorized as highly susceptible. The grain yield of different genotypes differed significantly and ranged from 757 kg/ha in the genotype VSGG 9 to 438 kg/ha in VSGG 4.
Greengram, Spotted pod borer, larval population, Pod damage, Grain yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Sumitra Devi Bamboriya, Arjun Singh Jat, Rajkamal Dagar
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 328—331, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PLNS8114
How to cite this paper:
Bamboriya, S. D., Jat, A. S., & Dagar, R. (2024). Performance of Wheat Variety KRL-283 in Salt Affected Soils with Saline Water in Nagaur District of Rajasthan. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 328–331. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PLNS8114
The problem of salty soils as well as saline water is serious concern point in rainfed and irrigated both conditions. The study was conducted in village Bhagwanpura of Nawan block in Nagaur district during rabi 2020-21 to 2021-22, with the objective to study the salt tolerant wheat variety for this region. Interviews were conducted with 20 farmers, both individually and in groups, who were chosen at random from Bhagwanpura village. Results from on farm trial showed that the salt tolerant variety KRL-283 recorded higher grain (35.8 q ha-1) and straw yield (49.2 q ha-1) as compared to the farmers’ practiced variety C-306 (33.0 q ha-1 and 47.5 q ha-1). Among the yield attributing characters assessed, the number of spike /plant (5.6); number of spikelets/spike (16.7), number of grains per spike (50.0) and 1000 grain weight (47.7 g) contributed more to the yield and are considered to be the most important factors responsible for yield gap difference. The net returns (Rs 90580 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.54) was also maximum under technology, while these values were Rs 85524 ha-1 and 3.40, respectively under farmer’s practices. The value for additional returns in technology (Rs 5056 ha-1) was also high in KRL-283 variety. Use of this type of varieties would enhance productivity and having positive impact on food security in salt-affected areas.
On farm trial, Productivity, Salt affected soils, Saline water, Variety, Wheat.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Ayyala Prathyusha, Devarakonda Uday Kiran Kumar, Shama Parveen
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 332—334, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QUYM9300
How to cite this paper:
Prathyusha, A., Kumar, D. U. K., & Parveen, S. (2024). Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield Related Attributes in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 332–334. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/QUYM9300
The present investigation was carried out with 30 chickpea genotypes to study the genetic variability for yield and yield related traits in chickpea and observed the high significance for all the thirteen characters i.e., germination percentage, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, shoot length, root length, seedling length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, test weight, yield per plant. For the traits number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, yield per plant and seedling length genetic variability showed high estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation with high heritability coupled with genetic advance indicating this these characters exhibited wide variability. The heritability of these traits were due to additive gene effects which makes selection effective. This will help breeders in direct plant selection based on phenotypic expression.
Genetic variability, Genotypic coefficient of variation, Phenotypic coefficient of variation, Heritability, Genetic advance.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Influence of Mechanization on Yield and Economics of Soybean
Raghuveer M., G. Shiva Charan, Y. Praveen Kumar, M. Sunil Kumar, A. Ramadevi
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 335—340, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OMVA9631
How to cite this paper:
Raghuveer, M., Charan, G. S., Kumar, Y. P., Kumar, M. S., & Ramadevi, A. (2024). Influence of Mechanization on Yield and Economics of Soybean. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/OMVA9631
The present study was conducted at farmers fields of Adilabad district, Telangana state, India during kharif seasons of 2019 to 2021 (for 3 seasons) to appraise the effect of mechanization on soybean yield as well as economics. In this study, sowing by tractor operated seed cum fertilizer drill and harvesting by combined harvester was compared with the farmer’s practice (Bullock drawn seed drill sowing and manual harvesting and threshing). In comparison to the conventional method, the sowing of soybean with tractor operated seed cum fertilizer drill and harvesting with combined harvester found to be superior in seed yield and average soybean productivity with mechanization was 1870 kg ha-1, with a yield increase of 2.20% over conventional method of sowing (1830 kg ha-1). Similarly, the economics of soybean were found to be highest with mechanization in terms of gross returns (Rs 79064 ha-1) and net returns (Rs 52464 ha-1) with a B:C ratio of 2.97:1 compared to conventional method which generated the gross returns of Rs. 77150 ha-1 and net returns of Rs 46966 ha-1 with a B:C ratio of 2.56:1.
Soybean, Tractor operated seed cum fertilizer drill, Combined harvester, Yield, Economics
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Rana Prathap R., Ratna Raju Ch.
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 341—346, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HJNW7239
How to cite this paper:
Rana, P. R., & Ch., R. R. (2024). Estimation of Crop Water Requirement and Determination of Irrigation Schedule for Tomato Crop by using CROPWAT 8.0 Model. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 341–346. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HJNW7239
A study was conducted to estimate the crop water requirement and also to determine the irrigation schedule of tomato crop using CROPWAT 8.0 model at College of Agricultural Engineering Madakasira, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was carried out under two methods of irrigation scheduling (Traditional furrow irrigation method and CROPWAT irrigation scheduling method). The total volume of water applied to the crop under traditional furrow irrigation method and CROPWAT irrigation scheduling method was 73.188 m3 and 47.0611 m3 respectively. Hence 35.69% of water saved in CROPWAT irrigation scheduling method. It was observed that the yield of the tomato crop in CROPWAT irrigation scheduling method was 36.8% more than the traditional furrow irrigation method. The crop water use efficiency in CROPWAT irrigation method was 58.36% more than the traditional furrow irrigation method. Thus, the study concluded that it is capable for strategic planning on irrigation management and scheduling in the view of water saving technology.
Irrigation, scheduling, Crop water use efficiency, CROPWAT, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Correlation and Path-Coefficient Analysis in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
Mansi B. Shinghala, Kiran Kumari, D. L. Sundesha, Dhawani A. Patel
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 347—351, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZBUI8937
How to cite this paper:
Shinghala, M. B., Kumari, K., Sundesha, D. L., & Patel, D. A. (2024). Correlation and Path-Coefficient Analysis in Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 347–351. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZBUI8937
A study was conducted to determine association between seventeen traits of twenty genotypes of chrysanthemum. The results revealed strong positive correlation of flower yield per plant with flower yield per plot, plant height at 60 days after transplanting and at full bloom, number of primary branches, plant spread (N-S and E-W direction), number of leaves per plant, stem girth and flowers yield per ha. The findings of path analysis revealed that flower yield per hectare, plant height at 60 days after transplanting, plant spread in E-W direction, stem girth, days to bud initiation, days to full bloom, fresh weight of flower and number of flowers per plant had positive direct effect on yield of flowers per plant. Hence, it is concluded from this study that flower yield can be increased by selecting these traits directly while formulating crop improvement program in chrysanthemum.
Chrysanthemum, Correlation, Path-coefficient analysis, Flowers yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Exploitation of Male Sterility for Heterosis Breeding in Vegetable Crops
Jagmeet Singh, Akhilesh Sharma, Shivani Chauhan, Richa
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) :352—360, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZWFT6839
How to cite this paper:
Singh, J., Sharma, A., Chauhan, S., & Richa. (2024). Exploitation of Male Sterility for Heterosis Breeding in Vegetable Crops. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 352–360. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZWFT6839
The phenomenon of heterosis is extensively utilized in vegetable crops for the exploitation of hybrid vigor. Presently, hybrids are popular in majority of the vegetable crops due to their uniform shape, size, color and quality, providing better returns to the growers. The main worry regarding production of hybrid seeds is the scarcity and high cost of specialised labor, which increasingly raises the cost of hybrid seed production, especially for solanaceous crops, where manual emasculation and pollination mechanisms still play an essential role. Thus, there is need to exploit different mechanisms which results in decreasing the cost of hybrids. Among these mechanisms, male sterility is very efficient and economic method for the large-scale F1 seed production. Many male sterile mutants have also been discovered which eliminates the need of tedious emasculation process. Undesirable type of plants at the early stage of growth can be identified by using certain marker genes and thus facilitates the production of hybrid seeds. Exploiting heterosis in vegetable crops is more profitable as it increases the uniformity, resistance against various insect-pests and yield.
Emasculation, Heterosis breeding, Hybrid vigor, Male sterility, Marker genes.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Bahaderjeet Singh, Lovepreet Singh, Amritpal Mehta, Bablu Singh
Environment and Ecology 42 (1A) : 361—365, January—March 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LSKS2927
How to cite this paper:
Singh, B., Singh, L., Mehta, A., & Singh, B. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Air Quality Index in Relation to Crop Residue Burning and Industrial Pollution in Punjab. Environment and Ecology, 42(1A), 361–365. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LSKS2927
The stubble burning is considered as the major air pollution contributor during the month of October and November, in Northern parts of India. Due to the fact that it corresponds with the burning seasons, the terrible haze seen over India in the winter has been connected to stubble burning (October-November). The situation is more critical in Punjab as the farmers have adopted extensive Rice-Wheat cropping system which leads to accumulation of stubble at large scale. The major gaseous pollutants generated due to stubble burning and industrial pollution are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO2), sulfur oxides (SO2), and methane (CH4) as well as particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5) causing serious issues to human health and the environment. Present study was planned to determine the impact of stubble burning on air quality parameter among industrial, moderately industrial and non-industrial area. It was reported that concentrations of particulate matters PM2.5 and PM10 in air was increasing with increasing in burning events in all the districts studied. Whereas increasing trend of NH3 and NO2 concentration in Ludhiana and NH3 in Bathinda district may be due the impact of crop residue burning along with industrial pollution. If managed properly, crop stubbles might offer farmers significant economic rewards and safeguard the environment from serious contamination. Present results showed that burning of rice crop residue significantly contributes to air pollution in Punjab.
Air quality index, Crop residue burning, Industrial pollution.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International