Volume 42 (4) 2024
Emilynruwaka Lamare, Aosanen Ao, S.K.Tripathi
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1473—1482, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IINN9593
How to cite this paper:
Lamare, E., Ao, A., & Tripathi, S. K. (2024). Tree Species Diversity and Carbon Stock of Tropical and Sub-Tropical Forests of Mizoram, Northeast India. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1473–1482. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IINN9593
The present study was conducted in tropical and sub-tropical forests of Mizoram, Northeast India. A total of 49 species belonging to 40 genera and 26 families were recorded in the tropical forest (TF). Whereas, in the subtropical forest (STF), 47 species belonging to 42 genera and 28 families were recorded. As per Importance Value Index (IVI), the most dominant species in TF were : Castanopsis tribuloides (47.67), Schima wallichii (40.71), Aporosa octandra (20.96) and Wendlandia budleioides (17.79). Whereas, the species such as Ilex godajam (41.42), Saprosma ternatum (32.74) and Diospyros racemosa (31.34) were the most dominant species in STF. The total tree density and basal area were 1610 individuals ha-1 and 25.016 m2 ha-1 in TF and 1380 individuals ha-1 and 24.20 m2 ha-1 respectively in STF. The diversity indices such as Shannon’s diversity index (H′), Simpson’s dominance index (CD), Margalef richness index (d), and Pielou’s evenness index (J) ranged from 2.93-3.16, 0.91-0.94, 7.82-8.15, 0.76-0.81 in both the forests. The total tree biomass was 178 Mg ha-1 in TF and 144 Mg ha-1 in STF. Similarly, the total carbon stock in TF was 85 Mg C ha-1 and 68 Mg C ha-1 in STF. Such information on these forests can serve as a valuable tool for improving our capacity to enhance biodiversity conservation efforts and management of tropical forests for their sustainable use in the future.
Tropical forest, Subtropical forest, Important value index (IVI), Diversity indices, Tree biomass, Carbon stock, Sustainable forest management.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 
Paramita Ghosh, Moksedul Hossain, Ananya Dhar, Nilanjana Mondal, Urmila Reang, Prashant Shukla
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1483—1490, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZEFM4711
How to cite this paper:
Ghosh, P., Hossain, M., Dhar, A., Mondal, N., Reang, U., & Shukla, P. (2024). Comparative Study of Suspended and Immobilized Bacteria Isolated from Garage Soil on Vegetable Oil Degradation. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1483–1490. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/ZEFM4711
As an essential part of the ecosystem, soil helps to support life by promoting interactions between bedrock, water, air, and biota. But the growing number of oil spills has raised serious environmental issues, presenting problems similar to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution. Vegetable oils are generally thought to be safe, but because of their toxicity and persistence, they may have negative environmental impacts. Bioremediation techniques have gained popularity as a sustainable method of cleaning up hydrocarbon-contaminated locations in response to this environmental problem. This study uses immobilized microbial technology to increase the bioremediation effectiveness by examining the ability of bacteria isolated from a garage oil spill region to degrade vegetable oil. The study compares the degradation rates with naturally occurring bacteria to assess the effectiveness of the detected bacterium’s breakdown over time in both suspended and immobilized situations. The results add to our knowledge of microbial-mediated bioremediation in contaminated environments and highlight the promise of immobilized microbial technology as a workable method for reducing vegetable oil spills. After 45 days, immobilized bacteria showed a drastic reduction in hydrocarbon content compared to suspended bacteria, indicating increased efficacy. Moreover, the degradation rate of immobilized bacteria was significantly higher than that of suspended bacteria, as observed from the difference in hydrocarbon concentration between day 1 and day 45. Statistical analysis confirmed these findings, highlighting the effectiveness of immobilized bacteria in hydrocarbon degradation.
Oil-degrading bacteria, Two-way ANOVA, Immobilization, Bioremediation, Hydrocarbon.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Sourab Kalyane, P. Umamaheswarappa, Ramesh A. N., V. Srinivasa, Kumar Naik A. N.
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1491—1494, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LZZB9580
How to cite this paper:
Kalyane, S., Umamaheswarappa, P., Ramesh, A. N., Srinivasa, V., & Kumar, N. a. N. (2024). Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Ems on Germination and Survival of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv Arka Nikita. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1491–1494. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LZZB9580
The present investigation was devised to observe different doses of chemical and physical mutagen on the germination and survival percentage of okra variety Arka Nikita. Seeds of okra variety Arka Nikita were treated with different doses of gamma rays and EMS. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with thirteen treatments and three replications. It was clearly observed that germination and survival percentage decreased with increase in doses of gamma rays and EMS. Results revealed that among different treatments, treatment T1 (Control) recorded maximum germination (85) and survival per cent (98.82) and observed dose-dependent reduction in biological factors such as germination and survival, the LD50 values for gamma rays and EMS were 0.4% and 60 kR, respectively.
Gamma rays, EMS, Germination, Survival,LD50.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Kamla Pat Raw, Mahiya Kulsoom, Anita, Aneet Kumar Yadav, Monu Kumar, Dhananjay Kumar, Sunita Mishra, Narendra Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1495—1503, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SIZG5023
How to cite this paper:
Raw, K. P., Kulsoom, M., Anita, Yadav, A. K., Kumar, M., Kumar, D., Mishra, S., & Kumar, N. (2024). Toxicity Assessment of Tannery Sludge Extract During Early Seedling Growth in Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Raphanus sativus and Capsicum frutescens. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1495–1503. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SIZG5023
Tannery sludge (TS) contains a number of useful components like Organic carbon, Organic Matter, PO43-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and other nutrients essential for plant growth. However, presence of water-soluble toxic metals in TS may cause phytotoxicity. Primary objective of this work was to adopt a bio-chemical strategy for assessing the potential consequences of agricultural application of tannery sludge, via sludge characterization and subsequent bioassay investigations. Heavy metal concentration in the TS was found to be in the order of: Cr (19576±2065.52) > Pb (16.98±2.54) > Cu (1.76±0.20) > Ni (0.98±0.00) > Cd (0.19±0.00) mg kg-1. Further, bioassay tests were performed in terms of germination index (GI), relative seed germination (RSG) and relative root growth (RRG) on Brassica nigra, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Raphanus sativus, and Capsicum frutescens. RSG and RRG were found to be more than 80% whereas, GI was > 66% in all the tested crops exposed to TS extract at 1:5 and 1:10 (w/v) dilutions. Results revealed that the toxicants present in the TS were failed to cause toxicity at early seedling growth and may be used as a soil conditioner after appropriate dilution. However, long term field trails are essential before agricultural utilization.
Germination index, Heavy metals, Phytotoxicity, Relative root growth, Relative seed germination, Tannery sludge.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Kevitsituo Nagi, Pankaj Neog, Biplove Bala
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1504—1509, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LSCG3609
How to cite this paper:
Nagi, K., Neog, P., & Bala, B. (2024). Efficacy of Certain Bio-Pesticides against the Major Insect Pests of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.). Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1504–1509. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LSCG3609
The field experiment was undertaken at the Experimental Farm, Department of Entomology, School of Agricultural Sciences (SAS), Medziphema Campus, Nagaland University, during the period of November 2021 to February 2022 to study the efficacy of certain bio-pesticides against major insect pests of broccoli. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments including control and replicated four times. The study revealed that Indian cabbage white, Pieris spp. and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae have been found to be the major insect pest in broccoli. It is recorded that the highest (73.49%) population reduction of M. persicae was obtained from the plot treated with emamectin benzoate 5% SG and the highest (90.16%) population reduction of Pieris spp. was recorded on the plot treated with spinosad 45% SG. Therefore, the study concluded that use of bio-pesticides offers a great efficacy in controlling the pest and diminish the pesticides related issue.
Broccoli, Insect pest, Bio-pesticides, Pieris spp., Myzus persicae.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Economics of Banana Marketing in Goalpara District of Assam
Pubali Barman, D. C. Kalita
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1510—1515, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BAEX2090
How to cite this paper:
Barman, P., & Kalita, D. C. (2024). Economics of Banana Marketing in Goalpara District of Assam. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1510–1515. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BAEX2090
The present study was conducted in the district of Goalpara, Assam to examine the economics of marketing in the district covering a total sample size of 258 banana growers. The banana growers were stratified into five groups based on land holding viz., Marginal (Below 4.0 ha), Small (4.0-8.0 ha), Semi-Medium (8.0-16.0 ha), Medium (16.0-40.0 ha) and Large (40.0 ha and above). The study mainly based on primary and data were collected through pre-tested survey schedule through personal interview method of sampling. The Shepherd formula for marketing efficiency was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that Jahaji Banana, Seni-Champa Banana and Malbhog Banana were banan varieties grown in the study area. The banana growers used four marketing channels in the district. Results revealed that for marketing of Jahaji Banana, Seni-Champa Banana and Malbhog Banana, the marketing channel I, Channel IV and for Channel I were most efficient Channel for marketing of banana.
Banana, Banana marketing, Marketing efficiency, Marketing channel, Marketing margin.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Shikha Singh Tanwar, Uma Patel, Ankit Pandey, Chowlani Manpoong
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1516—1521, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IOFW3400
How to cite this paper:
Tanwar, S. S., Patel, U., Pandey, A., & Manpoong, C. (2024). Land Use affects the Soil Aggregation Pattern during Restoration of Degraded Land under Tropical Dry Climate. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1516–1521. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/IOFW3400
Soil aggregate formation and stability are crucial in safeguarding soil carbon pools, as they form the basic unit of soil structure in terrestrial ecosystems. The impact of different land uses on soil aggregation pattern has widely been studied but is limited under tropical dry climate conditions. This study aimed to determine the soil aggregation pattern at two soil depths (0-15 cm and 15-30cm) in three different plantations (Peltophorum pterocarpum, Eucalyptus globulus, and Acacia nilotica) established in degraded land under tropical dry climate. The soil aggregates were categorized into microaggregate, mesoaggregate and macroaggregate based on their size fractions which were determined by the wet sieving method. The percent of macroaggregate, mesoaggregate, and microaggregate fractions at 0-15 cm depth ranged from 62.2 – 82.6%, 31.6 – 36.7%, and 1.1 – 4.9 % respectively whereas at 15-30 cm depth, it ranged from 69.7 – 81.7%, 17.1 – 31.6%, and 1.2 – 2.8%. The mean weight diameter values at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depth ranged from 2.27-3.37mm and 2.85-3.35 mm respectively. The higher percentage of macroaggregate fractions in Peltophorum pterocarpum plantation compared to Eucalyptus globulus, and Acacia nilotica plantations indicated that the Peltophorum pterocarpum plantation has slightly more potential to improve aggregate formation and soil structure in the degraded lands under tropical dry climate. In addition, appropriate land use practices can increase soil aggregate stability in the study area.
Soil aggregate stability, Land degradation, Acacia nilotica, Eucalyptus globulus, Peltophorum pterocarpum.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Tirthankar Mandal
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1522—1532, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PBAD1102
How to cite this paper:
Mandal, T. (2024). Estimation of Cost and Profit in Farming Some Major Crops During Last Two Decades in West Bengal: A Case Study in Birbhum District. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1522–1532. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PBAD1102
The growth of agriculture in West Bengal significantly contributes the food supply through nationwide since last few decades. The cost of farming specially seed cost, irrigation cost increases rapidly. Though modern mechanization has been introduced for few crops to reduce the animal and human labor cost yet an unregulated market structure overall cost of farming increased during last two decades. The present paper emphasises the growth of cost and profit in cultivation for last twenty years in West Bengal. With the help of secondary data it has been tried to measure the cost and profit structure for seven major crops in West Bengal since 2001. The impact of various cost components on profit has also been derived with the help of a primary survey in the district of Birbhum.
Crop production, Cost of farming, Profitability, Irrigation, Production growth.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Pramod Rai, Vikas Kumar Singh
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1533—1540, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WFYC5406
How to cite this paper:
Rai, P., & Singh, V. K. (2024). Temperature and Light Intensity under Passively Cooled Natural Ventilated Polyhouse and Shade Net Structure During Summer Season. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1533–1540. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WFYC5406
The high temperature & light intensity inside the natural ventilated polyhouse during summer season is major challenge for cultivation and is a major hindrance in utilizing the polyhouse for round the year cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate the reduction of temperature & light intensity inside passively cooled polyhouse using various shading configuration in comparison to shade net structure. There is always increase & decrease in minimum & maximum temperature under the polyhouse and shade net structure respectively. The % light transmission under shade net structure is better than polyhouse. Among the various shading configuration, when shade net is used at 0.3 m above the polyhouse roof surface performs best in reducing the temperature inside the polyhouse. However the shade net structure performs better than passively cooled polyhouse using various shading configuration during summer season.
Temperature, Light intensity, Polyhouse, Shade net structure, Summer season.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Goutam Mandal, Baibaswata Bhattacharjee
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1541—1551, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MBUD8481
How to cite this paper:
Mandal, G., & Bhattacharjee, B. (2024). Bio-Mediated Synthesis of ZnO Nano Photocatalyst using C. gigantea (L.): Microstructural Study for Rapid Degradation of Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Medium. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1541–1551. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/MBUD8481
The purpose of this paper was to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) from Calotropis gigantea (L.) and use them as photocatalyst for the elimination of wastewater contaminants, methyl orange (MO), and paracetamol (PCM) by UV irradiation. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show a peak at a wavelength of 374 nm with excitonic band gap of 3.41 eV. The hexagonal unit cell with mean crystallite size of 29.13 nm was found from the XRD pattern. The FESEM images confirms the formation of nanostructures. The bio-mediated nanoparticles are used as nano photocatalysts to eliminate MO and PCM. The effects of irradiation time, photocatalyst dose, dye concentration, and solution pH on photodegradation were studied in MO. Furthermore, the photodegradation of paracetamol was also investigated.
Bio-mediated synthesis, ZnO nanoparticle, Photocatalysis, Methyl orange (MO), Paracetamol (PCM).
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Effect of Seed Priming UsingGA3, KNO3, ZnSO4on Germination Parameters of Vigna unguiculata
M. Sundharan, A. Kamaraj
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1552—1561, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WTVF2933
How to cite this paper:
Sundharan, M., & Kamaraj, A. (2024). Effect of Seed Priming Using GA3, KNO3, ZnSO4 on Germination Parameters of Vigna unguiculata. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1552–1561. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/WTVF2933
Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), an important legume is a versatile crop, also commonly known as southern pea, black eye pea, crowder pea, lubia, niebe, coupea or Frijole. The establishment of this crop is poor due to poor germination. Seed priming technique helps to overcome this difficulty. There is only less research have been carried out to enhance seed germination in cowpea by seed priming technique. This research paper focuses to study on the effects of different priming agents like GA3 at 20 ppm, 40 ppm and 60 ppm, KNO3 at 1 %, 2%, 3%, ZnSO4 at 1 %, 2%, 3% and hydro priming all in 3 hrs and 6 hrs soaking conditions. The untreated seeds serve as control. The result from the present study revealed that the germination parameters viz., germination value, germination index, imbibition, co-efficient of variation of germination, seed length, root length, seedling length, vigor index were at its maximum for the seeds primed with GA3 at 60 ppm, KNO3 at 2% and ZnSO4 at 2%. Priming of seeds at lower concentration improves the seed germination parameters which in turn increases the yield.
Seed priming, Hydro priming, Osmo priming, Hormonal priming, Nutri priming, Nano priming.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Sneha Priya Pradhan, Sujata Upadhyay, Laxuman Sharma, Rajesh Kumar
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1562—1569, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LOOW5508
How to cite this paper:
Pradhan, S. P., Upadhyay, S., Sharma, L., & Kumar, R. (2024). Effect of Organic Manure and Biofertilizer on Growth and Yield of Brown Mustard (B. juncea subsp. integrifolia var. crispifolia). Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1562–1569. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LOOW5508
The study was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim during 2020–2021 with an objective to observe impact of organic manure and biofertilizers on growth and yield of brown mustard. The experiment had 7 treatments and 3 replications and statistical design used was Randomized Block Design. The best results were observed in treatment T6 (FYM 100%) + Azospirillium @5kg/ha) in terms of leaf length, leaf width, plant girth, number of leaf/plant, leaf weight, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, leaf area index, leaf NPK content, germination percentage, root length. The second best treatment in this study was T3 (FYM 100%+ Azotobacter @500 ml/ha). The study is helpful in improvement of production of brown mustard.
Biofertilizer, Brown mustard, Leaf, Organic manure, Yield.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
A. Midhul Rana, G. Sathiyanarayanan
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1570—1576, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PELM1873
How to cite this paper:
Rana, A. M., & Sathiyanarayanan, G. (2024). Standardization of Various Chemical Seed Priming on Seed Quality Parameters in Black Gram (Vigna mungo). Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1570–1576. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PELM1873
Black gram is an important pulse crop in India. It is a major source of dietary protein for the poor people and provides nutritional security. It is mostly grown by the small and marginal farmers under resource constraints situation particularly in rainfed and rice fallow conditions. Seed priming is one such effective technology to achieve high growth, vigor, better stand establishment. The current study aimed to study the standardization of various chemical on crop growth in black gram. A laboratory experiment was conducted in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with three replications using various concentrations (1%, 2%, 3% and 4 %) as first factor and different durations (4 and 6 h) of priming as second factor and different chemicals such as ZnSO4, MnCl2, MgSO4, CaCl2, KCl and KNO3 as third factor. Seeds were primed with different chemicals in different concentrations and in different duration evaluated for its quality parameters to find out suitable seed priming technique. Among all treatments seed priming with ZnSO4 1% for 6 hours recorded higher germination (98%), longest root length (22.17 cm), shoot length (19.15 cm), higher seedling dry matter production (0.93 g seedlings-10), fresh weight (8.93 g seedlings-10) and vigor index (4004) than control under laboratory experiment. The results indicate that use of ZnSO4 1% for 6 hours enhances the seed performance regarding seed quality characters.
Seed priming, Zinc sulphate, Seed quality.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Prachi Patel, Susmita Sahoo
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1577—1583, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FYHW4408
How to cite this paper:
Patel, P., & Sahoo, S. (2024). A Sustainable Approach to the Comprehensive Analysis of the Nutrient Content and Phytochemical Profile of Industrial Food Waste. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1577–1583. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/FYHW4408
This research paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the nutrient content and phytochemical profile of industrial food waste, focusing on key elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon, and hydrogen, as well as bioactive compounds. The study involves the characterization of various types of food waste streams to elucidate their nutritional composition and bioactive compound content. Analytical techniques such as NPK analysis, carbon and hydrogen analysis, and phytochemical qualitative analysis are employed to quantify and identify the presence of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds in the waste excrement materials. Additionally, present paper explores the potential value-added opportunities through product development using extracted bioactive compounds. Perspectives from recent research that advance knowledge of industrial food waste as a valuable resource for nutrient recovery and bioactive compound extraction, thereby fostering sustainable food waste management practices and promoting the development of value-added products for various industries.
Industrial food waste, Nutrient content, Phytochemical qualitative analysis, Value added products.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Soil Diversities in Regards to Horticultural Variabilities
Payel Das, Manideepa Roy, Siddhartha Sahoo, Ankan Das
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1584—1589, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SQCC9468
How to cite this paper:
Das, P., Roy, M., Sahoo, S., & Das, A. (2024). Soil Diversities in Regards to Horticultural Variabilities. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1584–1589. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/SQCC9468
This review paper focuses on the impacts of soil diversity on a variety of horticultural crops in India. Different soil types of India have been discussed in this paper with their preferable horticultural crops those grow best on them. Major horticultural crops including fruits, vegetables, flowers, plantation crops, spices and medicinal crops with their appropriate soil types have also been highlighted. Important measures can be taken both scientifically and economically for the improvement of soil health that will eventually lead to increase in horticultural crop yield.
Soil diversity, Biota, Horticulture, pH, Crops.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Microbial Biopesticides: An Ecofriendly Plant Protection Measures
R. K. S. Tiwari, K. K. Chandra, Rajesh Kumar, Atul Kumar Bhardwaj, S. K. Pandey, Bhavana Dixit
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1590—1598, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RHZZ8746
How to cite this paper:
Tiwari, R. K. S., Chandra, K. K., Kumar, R., Bhardwaj, A. K., Pandey, S. K., & Dixit, B. (2024). Microbial Biopesticides: An Ecofriendly Plant Protection Measures. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1590–1598. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/RHZZ8746
Microbial pesticides possess active microbes capable of controlling plant pests in agriculture, horticulture, and forests. Microbes benefit plants through metagenomics, metabolomics, and strain enhancement efforts, keeping the loss below the economic threshold. The study looked at over 50 years of literature from various sources. Other investigations combined the factors used in this review study. They are biologically effective in controlling plant disease and insect pests. Since the modern agroecosystem depends more on chemical-based pesticides for pest control, microbial biopesticides are gaining popularity in terms of their natural, eco-friendly, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the higher demand for organic food products further propels the future market for microbial pesticides. This review updates the mechanisms of controlling insect pests and plant diseases through biological control using biopesticides.
Microbial biopesticides, Agroecosystem, Microorganism, Biotechnology, Biocontrol.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Ruthrasrilingam Kumar, Kavitha Ramamoorthy
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1599—1605, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/NPMA6237
How to cite this paper:
Kumar, R., & Ramamoorthy, K. (2024). A Brief Review on Phytochemical Constituent and Pharmacological Activities of Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1599–1605. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/NPMA6237
Andrographis alata (Vahl) Nees (Acanthaceae) is commonly termed the vernacular name Peria nangai, comes under most undershrub moist deciduous forest with grassland habit and habitat. It is a medicinal plant form the backbone of traditional system of medicine in India. An important unnoticed medicinal plant found in our hedge grows is Andrographis alata. A. alata is a lesser-known species compared to its widely studied counterpart, Andrographis paniculata. The origin of the crop is India and Sri Lanka. A plant is referred to be medicinal plant if any part of the plant or its products is used to treat any ailments or prevent or cure a disease or alter any physiological and pathological processes. The plant A. alata parts and the extract from this it is been used by locals for many years. It has garnered attention in traditional medicine systems for its potential therapeutic properties. An important phytocomponent present in the plant are andrographolide and neo andrographolide which have anti-viral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial and hepatoprotective properties. The plant is also been used by locals to treat snake bites and jaundice. But these properties are not scientifically proven. The future prospects of A. alata depend on continued scientific interest, investment in research and development, conservation efforts, and its acceptance within healthcare systems and markets. The purpose of this review paper is to describe the various aspects of Andrographis alata (Vahl) nees botanical description, medicinal values, chemical constituents, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, biological activities and cultural practices.
Andrographis alata, Jaundice, Andrographolide, Phytocomponent, Antiviral property.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
T. Srinithan, R. Raman
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1606—1614, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HVZO2513
How to cite this paper:
Srinithan, T., & Raman, R. (2024). Utilization of Parthenium hysterophorus Aqueous Extracts as a Bio-Herbicide – An Alternative for Synthetic Herbicides. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1606–1614. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/HVZO2513
Invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus has been wreaking havoc all over the terrestrial ecosystems in tropics and sub-tropics. The traits governing successive invasion and colonization of this weed are superficial seed production ability, inedibility to animals and allelopathy. Allelopathy refers to the impact of plants on nearby plants or their associated microflora or macrofauna by the production and release of allelochemicals. The identification and characterization of allelochemicals will be helpful for utilizing in agricultural pest management operations. In this rationale, a preliminary probe has been made to assess the potential of Parthenium hysterophorus aqueous extracts as a farmer friendly herbicide. Raddish seeds have been used to test the phytotoxicity of the extracts and complete germination inhibition was found with application of 25% extract. Seeds in control has a germination speed of 5.29 seeds germinated/day and produced robust seedlings with 4.81 cm shoot and 2.87 cm, whereas application of 20% aqueous extracts has reduced the germination speed to 0.17 seeds germinated/day with nil seedling formation. On working out phytotoxicity percentage, it is revealed that 10% extract application has produced 100% phytotoxicity. Interestingly, the phytochemical analysis of the Parthenium hysterophorus aqueous extracts by GC-MS has revealed the presence of 4 phytotoxins viz., 1-Tetradecene, 2-methyldodecane, Eicosane and 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl-.
Parthenium hysterophorus, Allelopathy, Germination inhibitor, Phytotoxins.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Samaresh Bhattacharjee, Manish Naja, Kishan Singh Rawat, Vinod Kumar Tripathi
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1615—1622, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/AHPY4988
How to cite this paper:
Bhattacharjee, S., Naja, M., Rawat, K. S., & Tripathi, V. K. (2024). Influence of the Western Disturbance on Winter Precipitation: Observations over the Central Himalayas using VHF Radar. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1615–1622. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/AHPY4988
This study investigates the influence of the Western Disturbance (WD) on atmospheric wind patterns and associated precipitation over the Himalayan region utilizing observations carried out using the ARIES ST Radar (ASTRAD) at Nainital [29.36° N, 79.46° E, 1800 m] during March 2024. The observations reveal that during the WD events, the wind direction was predominantly south westerly/westerly with varying speeds, reaching up to 67 m/s. The HYSPLIT model back-trajectory analysis confirmed that the moisture-laden air masses originated from the Atlantic Ocean. Vertical wind measurements indicated significant atmospheric instability and convection, characterized by updraft and downdraft motions in three distinct height regions between 8 km and 10 km, an updraft between 6 km and 7 km, and another downdraft between 4.5 km and 5 km. The core height region of the subtropical westerly jet (SWJ) embedded in WD and shift in height with maximum wind speed are also identified.
Western disturbance, VHF Radar, Himalayas, Rainfall, Crops, Convection.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Anjali, Vijay Kumar, K. C. Singh
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1623—1630, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BWVZ2946
How to cite this paper:
Anjali, Kumar, V., & Singh, K. C. (2024). Eco-friendly Management of Anthracnose Disease of French Bean Caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.). Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1623–1630. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/BWVZ2946
The present investigation entitled, “Eco-friendly Management of Anthracnose Disease of French bean Caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.)” was carried out at Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal during year 2022-2023. French bean is also known as common bean or green bean and is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, fibres, vitamins and minerals for humans. Anthracnose is one of the most destructive diseases of French bean caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum which can lead up to 100% crop loss. In this experiment the efficacy of different treatments such as essential oils, animal products and plant leaf extract were tested in in vitro and in vivo condition against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Out of the seven treatments screened in vitro by poisoned food technique for their inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum showed that minimum mycelial growth was recorded in Eucalyptus oil (00 mm) with (100%) inhibitory effect followed by Buttermilk (21.00 mm) with (72.37%) inhibition. In in vivo efficacy of treatments, prophylactic spray of Eucalyptus oil @ 5% gave the minimum per cent disease incidence and per cent disease index (31.00%) and (24.76%) and afterwards came Buttermilk @ 15% with per cent disease incidence and index (33.53%) and (26.33%) respectively. The yield was maximum from the plots treated with Eucalyptus oil @ 5% (1.96 kg/plot) and (242.79 q/ha). All the treatments used were efficient against the disease and gave better control. The treatments used were eco-friendly, easily accessible and non-toxic.
Essential oils, Animal products, Leaf extracts, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, In-vitro, In-vivo, Prophylactic, Per cent disease incidence, Per cent disease index.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Standardization of Biopriming Treatments to Enhance Seed Quality in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
S. Arunkumar, G. Sathiya Narayanan
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1631—1636, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PETA2209
How to cite this paper:
Arunkumar, S., & Narayanan, G. S. (2024). Standardization of Biopriming Treatments to Enhance Seed Quality in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1631–1636. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/PETA2209
India’s most significant crop for food and oilseeds is groundnut. A final crop yield requires high-quality seeds with uniform field emergence that happens quickly. One of the key methods for improving the quality of seeds and promoting early crop seedling establishment is seed priming. Treatments for seed priming may aid in healthy crop establishment and prevent yield loss. To improve groundnut seed quality, experiments were conducted to standardize several seed priming treatments using botanicals. Groundnut seeds were soaked for 4, 6, and 8 hours with botanical priming agents viz., custard apple leaf extract, basil leaf extract, and chicory leaf extract at the concentration of 1, 2, and 3% along with hydropriming and control. The results revealed that the seed-to-solution ratio of 1:1 soaked for 6 hours recorded the maximum seed quality characters. Irrespective of soaking duration, seeds primed with holy basil leaf extract @ 2% recorded the maximum seed quality attributes followed by 1% chicory leaf extract outperformed other treatments by recording higher imbibition rate, germination percentage, longest seedling length, maximum dry matter production, and vigor index of groundnut.
Standardization, Seed quality, Seed enhancement, Seed priming, Botanicals.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Augmentation of Seedling Vigour using Biostimulants for Cowpea var VBN 4
S. Iswariya, S. Padmavathi
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1637—1643, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/GEZA9443
How to cite this paper:
Iswariya, S., & Padmavathi, S. (2024). Augmentation of Seedling Vigour using Biostimulants for Cowpea var VBN 4. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1637–1643. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/GEZA9443
As part of this research, an investigation was conducted to assess the impact of utilizing natural biostimulants on the biochemical and seedling characteristics of cowpea seeds variety VBN 4. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the most capable biostimulant in promoting enzyme activity and seedling vigor when applied at a 5% concentration for a period of eight hours. A total of eight different biostimulants were utilized in treating the seeds, and their outcomes were compared to those of untreated control seeds. The results revealed that humic acid at a 5% concentration and an eight-hour treatment period had the highest values for both enzyme activity and seedling vigor. Following closely behind were Pseudomonas fluorescens and brown kelp extract, showcasing their promising qualities as biostimulants. Overall, this study highlights the significant benefits that biostimulants offer to farmers as a means to increase seed viability and vigor. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that incorporating natural biostimulants into agricultural practices is a valuable strategy for improving crop yield and overall plant health.
Biostimulants, Cowpea, Humic acid, Seedling vigor, Enzyme activity.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Arup Karmakar, Prosenjit Chakraborty, Dipanwita Saha, Aniruddha Saha
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1644—1649, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LHIA6626
How to cite this paper:
Karmakar, A., Chakraborty, P., Saha, D., & Saha, A. (2024). Molecular Detection of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Infecting Pumpkin Plants in Sub-Himalayan Plains of West Bengal, India. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1644–1649. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/LHIA6626
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus is a silverleaf whitefly-transmitted bipartite begomovirus that causes damage to various cultivated plant species mainly belonging to the family Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. A survey was carried in pumpkin fields of sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal, India during 2018. During the survey, presence of silverleaf whitefly along with symptoms like leaf curling, leaf yellowing, yellow mosaic, vein clearing and leaf distortion were observed on pumpkin plants. Disease incidences in the range of 30% to 50% were also recorded. Collected infected leaf samples were analyzed for the presence of begomovirus using universal begomovirus primers, DengA/DengB. Amplified PCR products from severely infected plants were cloned and sequenced. All the sequences were completely identical, thus only one representative sequence was submitted to GenBank (Acc. No.MG721010). After BLASTn analysis the causal organism was identified as Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. Nucleotide sequence identity of CP gene showed close relationship with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus. This study confirmed the emergence of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in the infected fields of pumpkin in sub-Himalayan plains of West Bengal, India.
Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, Pumpkin, PCR.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Rupankar Mallik, Smarjit Ojha, Taney Dey, Aminul Islam, Sushil Kumar Kothari
Environment and Ecology 42 (4) : 1650—1658, October—December 2024
Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UOBZ1680
How to cite this paper:
Mallik, R., Ojha, S., Dey, T., Islam, A., & Kothari, S. K. (2024). Effect of Environmental Variations Influence on Plant Growth in Different Protective Structures and Growing Mediums. Environment and Ecology, 42(4), 1650–1658. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/UOBZ1680
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), renowned for its nutritional content and health benefits, is widely cultivated worldwide. Traditional farming faces challenges such as heavy rain, thunderstorms, excessive solar radiation, and uncertain climates, making it difficult to feed the global population. Protected cultivation, employing structures like greenhouses, shields crop from adverse weather, ensuring stable yields. This research investigates how environmental variations influence plant growth in different protective structures and growing mediums. Experiment sites include open field, polyhouse, and net house environments, chosen for their diverse conditions. Various media, such as garden soil, cocopeat, and a blend of both, are used to fill earthen pots. Semi-savoy spinach seeds are sourced from the local market and soaked for 24 hrs before planting. The dibbling method ensures consistent seed spacing in pots. Environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and light intensity are monitored regularly using instruments like thermometers and lux meters. Plant height, leaf quantity, and yield are measured to assess growth and productivity. After harvesting, the shoot portion is dried in an oven to determine dry weight, providing insights into yield. Data collection includes observations from different climate scenarios to evaluate the impact on plant characteristics. This comprehensive approach aims to understand how protective structures and growing mediums interact with environmental conditions to affect plant growth, offering valuable insights for agricultural practices and crop management strategies.
Temperature, Relative humidity, Light intensity, Polyhouse, Net house, Coco peat.
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY – Interdisciplinary International Science Journal by MKK Publication is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International